Irradiação Solar Global Para Cidade De Maputo - Moçabique: Evolução Temporal Das Medidas E Modelagem Estatística

Abstract

RESUMO: A equação de Angstrom continua sendo a relação mais usada para se estimar a irradiação solar global média diária a partir das horas de brilho solar, em localidades onde a medição não seja contínua ou os equipamentos não estejam disponíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de apresentar a evolução das medidas de irradiação solar e das horas de brilho solar e determinar os coeficientes de Angstrom para estimativa da irradiação solar global na cidade de Maputo. A média da irradiação solar global na cidade de Maputo foi de 17,96 MJ/m² e as horas de brilho solar foram de 7,8 horas. Os coeficientes "a" e "b" do modelo anual para estimativa da irradiação solar global na cidade de Maputo são 0,23 e 0,49 respetivamente.Palavras-chaves: brilho solar, estimativa irradiação solar global, modelo de angstrom. ABSTRACT:The Angstrom equation continues to be the most used relation to estimate the daily average global solar irradiation from sunshine, in places where measurement is not continuous or equipment is not available. The aim of this work was to present the evolution of solar radiation and sunshine measurements and to determine the Angstrom coefficients to estimate global solar irradiation in the city of Maputo. The average of the global solar irradiance in the city of Maputo was 17.96 MJ/m² and sunshine average was 7.8 hours. The coefficients "a" and "b" of the annual model for estimation of global solar irradiation in the city of Maputo were 0.23 and 0.49, respectively.

Temporal Variability of Solar Energy Availability in the Conditions of the Southern Region of Mozambique

“…This intermittency (temporal variability) of solar energy is due to various physical phenomena of reduction of its intensity and scattering when it crosses the earth's atmosphere (atmospheric pollution, harmful gases, aerosols, solid particles, atmospheric absorption, scattering, etc.) (Barreto & Pinho, 2008;Devore, 2015;Duffie & Beckman, 1991;Freitas, 2008;Wenham, et al, 2007). Around the world, solar photovoltaics and other renewable energy sources are predicted to represent the effective and ready solution to meet the growing demand for energy and at the same time limit the increasing carbon emissions (EP, 2022;Freitas, 2008;Mucomole et al, 2021;Perez et al, 2012;Twidell & Weir, 1996;Wenham, et al, 2007;Zekai, 2008).…”

“…(Barreto & Pinho, 2008;Devore, 2015;Duffie & Beckman, 1991;Freitas, 2008;Wenham, et al, 2007). Around the world, solar photovoltaics and other renewable energy sources are predicted to represent the effective and ready solution to meet the growing demand for energy and at the same time limit the increasing carbon emissions (EP, 2022;Freitas, 2008;Mucomole et al, 2021;Perez et al, 2012;Twidell & Weir, 1996;Wenham, et al, 2007;Zekai, 2008). Altogether, global solar energy capacity would increase from 480 GW in 2018 to over 8000 GW in 2050, growing the equivalent of almost 9% on average per year (Lohmann, 2018;PER, 2022).…”

“…In Mozambique, by the end of 2022, the Electricity of Mozambique (EDM), has announced a total expected solar capacity of 50 MW, with growth expected in the future (EP, 2022;FUNAE, 2012). As a result, the challenges associated with the inherent volatility of photovoltaic energy production and its fundamentals caused by climate-induced heterogeneity, cloud dynamics, pollution, among others, in the field of solar energy could increase considerably (Arias-Castro et.al., 2014;Elsinga & van Sark, 2014;Freitas, 2008;Hoff & Perez, 2010;Lohmann, et al, 2016;Lohmann, 2018;Liu & Jordan, 1960;Lave & Kleissl, 2010;Lave et.al., 2012;Macedo & Fisch, 2017;Perez et al, 2016;Stetz et al, 2015;Twidell & Weir, 1996;Zekai, 2008). The increase in the variability of solar radiation affects the performance of the output power of a photovoltaic array (creation of hot spots, overloads, disruption, among others) and the reserves of solar batteries sized for standard solar radiation and their location parameters, impacting on the balancing generation, load, maintenance of power quality, frequency and voltage stability this variability can be prolonged for too long, affecting the autonomous or public electrical grid that is injected (Burilo et al, 2012;Calif, R. et al, 2013;Elsinga & van Sark, 2014;Gallego, et al, 2013;Hinkelman, 2013;Luoma et al, 2012;Mills, https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajenr Am.…”

“…2(1) 27-50, 20232011Mucomole et al, 2021;Perpiñán, et al, 2009;Perez et al, 2016;Stetz et al, 2015;Van Haaren et al, 2018;Neggers et al, 2003). In recent studies, the temporal variability, spectra, fluctuations and power output of energy arrays, etc., were evaluated, the applied methods show that the temporal amount of solar radiation for different locations, registers an increase rate and less decrease in days characteristic and non-characteristic (Duffie & Beckman, 1991;Freitas, 2008;Mucomole et al, 2021;Suri et al, 2007;Wenham, et al, 2007;Zekai, 2008;Mucomole et al, 2013). Such that knowing the dynamics of fluctuations in the temporal variability of solar radiation, through analysis at a lower resolution of about one and ten minutes implemented here, is the key to efficient planning and reliable operation of future electrical networks and their respective subsystems (Arias-Castro et.al., 2014;Barreto & Pinho, 2008;Burilo et al, 2012;Curtright & Apt, 2018;Greenpro, 2004;Hoff & Perez, 2010;Liu & Jordan, 1960;Lave & Kleissl, 2010;Perpiñán, et al, 2009;Perez et al, 2012;Stetz et al, 2015;Twidell & Weir, 1996;Wenham, et al, 2007;Zekai, 2008).…”