“…Qiu et al [48] revealed that the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances was estimated at 39% among Chinese health professionals while Xia et al [49] showed that the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances among Chinese doctors and nurses and doctors was 35% and 43%, respectively. Sleep and the timing of sleep are regulated by the circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis process through the regulation of cortisol and melatonin levels, with cortisol levels in shift workers being higher during sleep and lower when awake compared to levels in regular daytime workers [51,52] The current meta-analysis found that OSA was associated with risk of anxiety, CVD, DM, depression, GERD, and PTSD, while insomnia was associated with risk of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. These findings agree with those of previous studies that found that sleep disturbances 8including insomnia and OSA) were associated with high risk of diabetes mellitus, obesity CVD, hypertension, stroke, depression, and anxiety [53,54].…”