Irreversibility analysis of the couple stress hybrid nanofluid flow under the effect of electromagnetic field

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to consider the heat transportation together with irreversibility analysis for the flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid past over a stretching surface. The innovative characteristics of this paper include electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) term, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and heat absorption\omission. The hybrid nanofluid is prepared due to the suspension of the solid nanoparticles of the single wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in the blood for the testing purpose of heat transfer and drug deliveries. The experimental value of the Prandtl number used for the blood is 21 from the available literature and very large as compared to the Prandtl number of the other base fluids. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the modeled partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain the solution. The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed under the influence of various parameters such as E, M, k, Q, S and Ec. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless Cf and Nu. Design/methodology/approach In this investigation, heat transportation together with irreversibility analysis for the flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid past over a stretching surface is considered. The innovative characteristics of this paper include EMHD term, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and heat absorption\omission. The hybrid nanofluid is prepared due to the suspension of the solid nanoparticles of the SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the blood for the testing purpose of heat transfer and drug deliveries. The experimental value of the Prandtl number used for the blood is 21 from the available literature and very large as compared to the Prandtl number of the other base fluids. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the modeled partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The HAM is used to obtain the solution. The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed under the influence of various parameters such as E, M, k, Q, S and Ec. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless Cf and Nu. Findings The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed and the flow against various influential factors is discussed graphically. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless In addition, the current study is compared for various values of to that published literature and an impressive agreement in terms of finding is reported. It has also been noticed that the and factors retards the hybrid nanofluid flow, while the temperature of fluid becomes upsurges by the rise in these factors. Originality/value This is examined while evaluating the previously discussed publications that study on EMHD aspects of magnetized Casson type hybrid nanofluid via entropy generation research is innovative but also acknowledging that the couple stress model challenged bilaterally on stretching surface has not yet been studied. So, there is an ongoing attempt to bridge such a space.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller–Box scheme

“…The technique of finite-difference is utilized to resolve it numerically. Newly, the employability of maximized energy loss and other physical phenomena is located in the works of Khan et al 26 , Sheikholeslami et al 27 , Zeeshan et al 28 , Ahmad et al 29 , Moghadasi et al 30 , Shorbagy et al 31 , Ibrahim et al 32 – 35 , Majid et al 36 , Gul et al 37 , 38 , Wajdi et al 39 , Arshad Khan et al 40 , Jawad et al 41 and Saeed et al 42 .…”

Entropy and Bejan Number Influence on the Liquid Film Flow of Viscoelastic Hybrid Nanofluids in a Porous Space in Terms of Heat Transfer

“…Entropy is an essential idea in engineering, mathematical models, and physics. It plays a vital role in continuum physics, thermodynamics, biology, and economics. − Entropy is actually a phenomenon dependent on the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy increases in an isolated system through any activity. While this idea is further extended in quantum mechanics with the inclusion of a density matrix.…”

Fractional order stagnation point flow of the hybrid nanofluid towards a stretching sheet

“…Chahregh et al 18 examined how a biological composite hybrid nano liquid made up of pure blood as the base fluid and TiO 2 and Ag nanomaterials could be transported via an artery. The blood flow rather than closed channels are studied by the researchers in [19][20][21] for testing purposes in medical laboratories. Liu et al 22 suggested a Pt/TiO 2 nano-size particles for cancer cell therapy because noble metal particles are thought to improve TiO 2 nanoparticles' photocatalytic operation.…”