Irrigation and crop load interactions in relation to pear yield and fruit-size distribution

Naor, A.; Peres, M.; Greenblat, Y.; Doron, Israel; Gal, Y.; Stern, Raphael A.

doi:10.1080/14620316.2000.11511285

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Deficit irrigation at stages I and II of fruit growth did not affect yield (Li et al, 1989), whereas deficit irrigation at stage III decreased fruit size (Naor et al, 1999). Although previous authors analyzed the effect of water deficit on fruit growth (Chalmers et al, 1981;Li et al, 1989;Boland et al, 1993;Naor et al, 1999;Goldhamer, 1999;Lopez et al, 2008), the results were not always conclusive, probably, because of different experimental conditions (soil and climatic conditions, genotype etc).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Although previous authors analyzed the effect of water deficit on fruit growth (Chalmers et al, 1981;Li et al, 1989;Boland et al, 1993;Naor et al, 1999;Goldhamer, 1999;Lopez et al, 2008), the results were not always conclusive, probably, because of different experimental conditions (soil and climatic conditions, genotype etc). Soil depth and soil water holding capacity have been reported as interacting factors in the success of RDI (Behboudian and Mills, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Irrigation affects soil water availability and consequently, plant water status, shoot growth, productivity and fruit size (Li et al, 1989;Boland et al, 1993;Naor et al, 1999). Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) involves inducing tree water stress during specific fruit growth phases by irrigating at less than full evapotranspiration (Etc).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of a clingstone peach cultivar to regulated deficit irrigation

Sotiropoulos

Kalfountzos

Aleksiou

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) involves inducing water stress during specific fruit growth phases by irrigating at less than full evapotranspiration. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of RDI perfomed at stage II of fruit growth and postharvest, on productivity of clingstone peaches, fruit quality as well as photosynthetic rate and midday leaf water potential. The research was conducted in a commercial clingstone peach (Prunus persica L. Batch cv. A-37) orchard in Greece. Trees were irrigated by means of microsprinklers and their frequency was determined using local meteorological station data and the FAO 56 Pennman-Monteith method. Photosynthetic rate was measured by a portable infrared gas analyzer. Midday leaf water potential was measured by the pressure chamber technique. During the years 2005 and 2006, the treatment RDII with irrigation applied at growth stage II of the peach tree did not affect productivity, fresh and dry mass of fruits. RDII reduced preharvest fruit drop in comparison to the control. RDII as well as the combined treatment RDII plus RDIP with irrigation applied at postharvest, at both years reduced shoot length of the vigorous shoots inside the canopy. RDII in comparison to the control increased the soluble solids content of the fruits and the ratio soluble solids/acidity. However it did not affect fruit acidity and fruit firmness. RDII as well as RDII plus RDIP in 2006 increased 'double' fruits and fruits with open cavity in comparison to the control and RDIP. Water savings were considerable and associated with the climatic conditions of each year. Key words: fruit drop, leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate, water savings Resposta de um cultivar de pêssego com caroço aderente à irrigação por défice regulado RESUMO: A irrigação por défice regulado (RDI) envolve a indução de défice de água durante fases específicas do crescimento das frutas, irrigando a taxas menores que a evapotranspiração. Os objetivos desse estudo foram verificar os efeitos da RDI no estágio II do crescimento das frutas e no periodo pós-colheita, avaliando a produtividade de pêssegos, a qualidade dos frutos, bem como a taxa fotossintética e o potencial da água na folha. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um pomar comercial de pêssegos com caroço aderente (Prunus persica L. Batch cv. A-37) da Grécia. As árvores foram irrigadas por meio de microaspersores e sua frequência foi determinada por meio de dados meteorológicos obtidos em estação automática e o método FAO 56 Pennman-Monteith para determinação de evepotranspiração. A taxa de fotossíntese foi medida por analisador de gás na faixa do infravermelho. O potencial da água na folha foi medido ao meio-dia usando a técnica da câmara de pressão.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Response of a clingstone peach cultivar to regulated deficit irrigation

Sotiropoulos

Kalfountzos

Aleksiou

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…5). Although industrywide data on fruit packed per acre is not available for these cultivars, one practical implication of these results is that the average yield of packed fruit has likely declined over the same 20-year period, since, on average, fruit size is generally correlated with crop load (Naor et al 1999).…”

Section: Analysis Of Fruit-size Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High spring temperatures decrease peach fruit size

López¹,

Rs²,

Tm³

2007

Calif Agr

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O ver the past few decades, models of peach fruit growth and plant development have identified useful principles for assisting growers in making horticultural management decisions. For example, harvest-date prediction models are now available to aid in managing fruit crops (Ben Mimoun and DeJong 1999). The unusually early harvest of California's peach crop in 2004 -which had record high temperatures during bloom time -and attendant difficulties in attaining the fruit sizes desired by the market (DeJong 2005) have increased interest in using physiological concepts to understand the effects of early-spring temperature on peach fruit growth and in anticipating fruit size at harvest.The dependence of peach fruit development on spring temperatures during the first 30 days after bloom has been established; there is a strong correlation between the sum of growing degreehours accumulated in the 30 days after bloom (GDH 30 ) and the number of days between bloom and harvest for several stone-fruit cultivars (Ben Mimoun and DeJong 1999).Traditionally, the California clingstone peach industry has used reference-date fruit size (the size of fruit at the date of pit-tip hardening, plus 10 days) to predict what the fruit size potential will be for a given year, and then peach growers conduct fruit-thinning accordingly. Reference-date fruit sizes are known to vary from year to year, but the reasons for this variation were previously unclear. Lopez and DeJong (2007) compared a 20-year clingstone-peach data set collected and archived by the California Canning Peach Association, which included full bloom date (FBD), reference date (RD) and fruit size (FS) at reference date from different locations in California.When the data -collected from orchards near the Central Valley cities of Kingsburg, Modesto and Yuba City -was correlated with seasonal weather data available through the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), a strong correlation was found between accumulated GDH 30 and the number of days between full bloom date and

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“…Also, if we consider that yields were lower in the SV than in the Y system, then bigger fruit can only be justified by fewer fruit on the tree (lower crop load) in the SV than in the Y system. An inverse relationship between peach crop load and fruit size is expected and it has been documented in several studies (Berman and DeJong, 1996;Blanco et al, 1995;Inglese et al, 2002;Naor et al, 1999;Rowe and Johnson, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Small Vase and Y-Trellis Orchard Systems for Peach and Nectarine Production in Mediterranean Regions

Caruso¹,

Bianco²,

Marra³

et al. 2015

Acta Hortic.

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Two peach planting systems, Small Vase (SV) and Y-trellis (Y), were evaluated and compared in the Mediterranean settings of Southern Italy. The two orchards were located next to each other on relatively uniform soil and terrain, and the observations included two peach (Rich May and Summer Rich) and two nectarine (Big Bang and Nectaross) cultivars. In the SV system, trees were spaced at 4.5 x 2.5 m (888 trees/ha), whereas in the Y system, trees were spaced at 5.5 x 2 m (909 trees/ha) and no roof gap was left between rows. Yield per tree, fruit size grade, unit price of sold peaches for each size grade, materials and labor for cultural management and associated costs, fixed costs at planting, and grower's profit were quantified during the first six years from planting. Fixed costs at planting were twice as much in the Y system, and no significant yield was recorded in the first two years in any of the two systems. Regardless of cultivar, the Y system reported 20% higher yields, 31% greater amount of management labor, and 10% lower labor efficiency (kg fruits/hr) than the SV system. Fruit unit value (euro/kg) was similar in the two systems. Profit varied greatly depending on the cultivar, and only 'Nectaross' generated a greater profit in the Y than the SV system. For this cultivar, the payback period (years needed to pay off the additional investment of establishing a Y trellis by its additional profit) was 2.5 years, indicating an advantage of the Y system over the SV by the 4 th year. The yield gap between the two systems tended to decrease after the 5 th year. The latter trend, along with the high initial investment and management costs in the Y system, suggests better performance and more sustainable productions in the SV than in the Y system.

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Irrigation and crop load interactions in relation to pear yield and fruit-size distribution

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Response of a clingstone peach cultivar to regulated deficit irrigation

Response of a clingstone peach cultivar to regulated deficit irrigation

High spring temperatures decrease peach fruit size

Evaluation of Small Vase and Y-Trellis Orchard Systems for Peach and Nectarine Production in Mediterranean Regions

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