Irrigation and Planting Geometry Effects on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Water Use

Pinnamanemi, Srinivasa R.; Anapalli, Saseendran S.; Fisher, Daniel K.; Reddy, Krishan N.

doi:10.56454/qowp3595

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…No differences were observed among SR and TR plantings for CO 2 assimilation rate. The TR pattern recorded a 23% increased plant population per unit area over the SR system, which probably has contributed to a 15% lint yield advantage in spite of similar assimilate rates (Pinnamaneni et al, 2020a ). Like soybean, the CO 2 assimilation rate plateaued under light saturation conditions at 1500 μmol m −2 s −1 in cotton.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably due to differences in canopy characteristics as cotton was demonstrated to change canopy architecture vis a vis row spacing, cultivar differences, and plant stand establishment. It has been demonstrated that narrow-row and twin-row cotton have a higher leaf area index, which contributes to higher CO 2 assimilation (Heitholt et al, 1992 ; Pettigrew, 2015 ; Pinnamaneni et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As measured in this study, the field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) of the soil ranged from 0.39 to 1.26 cm hr −1 . Field preparation consists of deep tillage in the fall, disking in winter, and harrowing in early spring to make ridges and furrows at 102 cm spacing as described earlier (Pinnamaneni et al, 2020a ). A 7300-vacuum planter (John Deere, East Moline, IL) was used to plant in the SR planting geometry while a Monosem NG+3 TR vacuum planter (A.T.I., Inc. Monosem, Lenexa, KS) was used to plant the TR planting geometry in cotton.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weather data was collected from the Stoneville AWS station (latitude:33.43122, longitude: −90.91077), Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, MS. The grain yield in soybean and lint yield in cotton were estimated as reported earlier (Pinnamaneni et al, 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the MS Delta, many soybean and cotton growers are moving away from the traditional single-row (SR) planting geometry to twin-row (TR) geometry owing to a significant gain in productivity in most of the seasons and also to reduce machinery-associated costs as TR planters and combines can be used on multiple row crops with minor adjustments keeping the cultivation costs same for SR and TR patterns (Bruns, 2011 ; Bellaloui et al, 2020 ; Pinnamaneni et al, 2020a , b , 2021 ). In cotton, TR pattern adoption resulted in 35 to 106 kg ha −1 higher lint (Reddy et al, 2009 ; Stephenson et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries

2022

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the major row crops in the USA, and growers are tending toward the twin-row system and irrigation to increase productivity. In a 2-year study (2018 and 2019), we examined the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to better understand the regulatory and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic components of cotton and soybean grown under varying levels of irrigations and planting geometries in a split-plot experiment. The main plots were three irrigation regimes: (i) all furrows irrigation (AFI), (ii) alternate or skipped furrow irrigation (SFI), and iii) no irrigation or rainfed (RF), and the subplots were two planting patterns, single-row (SR) and twin-row (TR). The light response curves at vegetative and reproductive phases revealed lower photosynthesis rates in the RF crops than in AFI and SFI. A higher decrease was noticed in RF soybean for light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) than that of RF cotton. The decrease in the maximum assimilation rate (Amax) was higher in soybean than cotton. A decrease of 12 and 17% in Amax was observed in RF soybean while the decrease is limited to 9 and 6% in RF cotton during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Both stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) declined under RF. The moisture deficit stress resulted in enhanced operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), which is probably due to increased photorespiration. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a measure of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy, and quantum efficiency of dissipation by down-regulation (ΦNPQ) increased significantly in both crops up to 50% under RF conditions. The photochemical quenching declined by 28% in soybean and 26% in cotton. It appears soybean preferentially uses non-photochemical energy dissipation while cotton uses elevated electron transport rate (ETR) under RF conditions for light energy utilization. No significant differences among SR and TR systems were observed for LCP, LSP, AQE, Amax, gs, E, ETR, and various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. This study reveals preferential use of non-photochemical energy dissipation in soybean while cotton uses both photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation to protect PSI and PSII centers and ETR, although they fall under C3 species when exposed to moisture limited environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries

2022

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Effect of cotton population density on lint yield and fiber quality

Kimura,

Adams,

DeLaune

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Commercial cultivars with advanced technology have reduced pest pressures, while greater seed costs have increased total production cost. Limited information is available on the optimal final population density (PD) for the commercially available cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with advanced technologies in water‐scarce environments. Therefore, our objectives were to examine the effects of PD on cotton growth and development, lint yield, fiber quality, and net return. A 2‐year study was conducted to test four PDs (low, medium, high, and very high) in deficit‐irrigated and dryland conditions at Chillicothe, TX. Final PD at 12 days after planting were 54,078, 109,563, 124,037, and 151,377 plant ha−1 in irrigated and 67,346, 115,335, 116,397, and 145,432 plant ha−1 in dryland trials. Maturity was delayed in the low PD early in the season; however, the differences on maturity ceased toward the end of the season. No statistical differences were observed on lint yield and fiber quality among treatments in irrigated and dryland trials. Average lint yields were 1199 kg ha−1 in irrigated and 796 kg ha−1 in dryland trial. Net returns were similar among all PD in the irrigated trial, while low PD had significantly higher net‐return than very high PD in the dryland trial. The higher net return at the low PD was due to the lower seed cost associated with a low seeding rate. In the water‐scarce environment, final plant density of 54,078 plant ha−1 in deficit irrigation and 67,346 plant ha−1 in dryland produced optimal yield and net return as compared to higher PD examined.

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Eddy covariance quantification of corn water use and yield responses to irrigations on farm‐scale fields

et al. 2022

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Furrow irrigations dominate row-crop irrigation scenarios in many regions worldwide. In this study, corn (Zea mays L.) yield and evapotranspiration (ET) in an all-furrow irrigation (FI) were compared against irrigations applied through alternate furrows irrigation (SFI, skip-furrow irrigation) and rainfed (RF) systems on farm-scale fields in 2017 and 2019 {corn phases of a soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.]-corn rotation} in clay soil in the Lower Mississippi Delta region, United States. Evapotranspiration was monitored using the eddy covariance (EC) method.The average corn yield in the SFI was significantly (12.1 Mg ha −1 ) higher (4.9%) than in the FI (11.7 Mg ha −1 ). Corn yield in RF (10.2 Mg ha −1 ) was significantly lower (10.7%) than in the FI. However, the leaf area index (LAI) in SFI was lower than in FI. Seasonal average ET was 556, 573, and 540 mm in FI, SFI, and RF, respectively. The average water use efficiencies (WUEs) were 0.021, 0.021, and 0.019 Mg ha −1 mm −1 , respectively (10.5 % lower in RF than FI and SFI). This investigation revealed that adapting the SFI irrigation regime in the corn cropping system could produce grain yields equal to or higher than corn grown under the conventional FI, saving ∼40% of irrigation water. The farm-scale studies conducted in this investigation gave better confidence to recommend SFI to replace conventional FI systems in the region for water conservation in corn cropping systems. Further investigations may be needed to evaluate the viability of SFI in other contrasting soils and climates and recommend the system for adoption by the farming community. INTRODUCTIONWater is critical for crop growth; therefore, when rainfall is insufficient to meet crop water demands, irrigations are

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Irrigation and Planting Geometry Effects on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Water Use

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries

Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries

Effect of cotton population density on lint yield and fiber quality

Eddy covariance quantification of corn water use and yield responses to irrigations on farm‐scale fields

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