Irrigation frequency and seasonal timing effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production

Chastain, Thomas G.; King, C. M.; Garbacik, Carol J.; Young, William C.; Wysocki, Donald John

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2015.05.021

Cited by 19 publications

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References 19 publications

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“…Perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), native to Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, is the most widely cultivated perennial cool-season grass in the temperate regions worldwide for its turf and forage purposes [ 20 , 21 ]. Perennial ryegrass is considered as a heat-sensitive grass species, and the established ryegrass sward is often challenged by heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation of physiological traits, molecular markers, and chlorophyll catabolic genes associated with heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Identification of genetic diversity in heat tolerance and associated traits is of great importance for improving heat tolerance in cool-season grass species. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variations in heat tolerance associated with phenotypic and physiological traits and to identify molecular markers associated with heat tolerance in a diverse collection of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Results Plants of 98 accessions were subjected to heat stress (35/30 °C, day/night) or optimal growth temperature (25/20 °C) for 24 d in growth chambers. Overall heat tolerance of those accessions was ranked by principal component analysis (PCA) based on eight phenotypic and physiological traits. Among these traits, electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll content (Chl), relative water content (RWC) had high correlation coefficients (− 0.858, 0.769, and 0.764, respectively) with the PCA ranking of heat tolerance. We also found expression levels of four Chl catabolic genes (CCGs), including LpNYC1, LpNOL, LpSGR, and LpPPH, were significant higher in heat sensitive ryegrass accessions then heat tolerant ones under heat stress. Furthermore, 66 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to perform association analysis based on the PCA result. The population structure of ryegrass can be grouped into three clusters, and accessions in cluster C were relatively more heat tolerant than those in cluster A and B. SSR markers significantly associated with above-mentioned traits were identified (R2 > 0.05, p < 0.01)., including two pairs of markers located on chromosome 4 in association with Chl content and another four pairs of markers in association with EL. Conclusion The result not only identified useful physiological parameters, including EL, Chl content, and RWC, and their associated SSR markers for heat-tolerance breeding of perennial ryegrass, but also highlighted the involvement of Chl catabolism in ryegrass heat tolerance. Such knowledge is of significance for heat-tolerance breeding and heat tolerance mechanisms in perennial ryegrass as well as in other cool-season grass species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation of physiological traits, molecular markers, and chlorophyll catabolic genes associated with heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Thousand seed weight is influenced by many parameters. Genetics (Smith, McFarlane, Croft, Trigg, & Kearney, ), date of pollination (Anslow, ; Warringa, Struik, Visser, & Kreuzer, ) and soil moisture status (Chastain, King, Garbacik, Young, & Wysocki, ; Chynoweth, Rolston, & McCloy, ) predominately influence TSW at seed harvest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path and correlation analysis of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed yield components

Abel

Gislum

Boelt

2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Maximum perennial ryegrass seed production potential is substantially greater than harvested yields with harvested yields representing only 20% of calculated potential.Similar to wheat, maize and other agriculturally important crops, seed yield is highly dependent on a number of interacting seed yield components. This research was performed to apply and describe path analysis of perennial ryegrass seed yield components in relation to harvested seed yields. Utilising extensive yield components which included subdividing reproductive inflorescences into five size categories, path analysis was undertaken assuming a unidirectional causal-admissible relationship between seed yield components and harvested seed yield in six commercial seed production fields. Both spikelets per inflorescence and florets per spikelet had a significant (p < .05) direct effect on the overall seed yield; however, total path correlation coefficients showed that inflorescence size had the largest positive influence on seed yield via its indirect effects on other seed yield components. Our results will allow seed producers, seed production researchers and plant breeders alike to more efficiently increase harvested seed yield.) is used extensively in temperate pastures as a production source of high-quality grass for feeding animals or as turf for home lawns, golf courses and recreational areas. However, perennial ryegrass seed crops are biologically inefficient at producing seed (Elgersma, 1990b).Seed production is a key trait for all forage and turf grass species (Boelt & Studer, 2010). Grassland is estimated to cover approximately 72 million hectares within the European Union (EU) with grass production estimated at a total value of 23 billion Euro (ESA, 2016). Denmark is the largest grass seed-producing country within the EU. To ensure economic sustainability of new improved cultivars within today's market, detailed understanding of seed production and the interaction between dynamic yield components is required to improve the efficiencies of the biological system (Studer et al., 2008;Wilkins & Humphreys, 2003).Seed yield is highly dependent on various seed yield components starting with tiller production and reproductive induction. Reproductive tillers, inflorescences or seed heads are all terms used to define the same morphological unit: a modified panicle. After a period of cool weather and increasing day lengths, tillers will undergo secondary induction and develop to form a single inflorescence. As perennial ryegrass has the ability to asexually produce daughter tillers, Havstad, Aamlid, Heide, and Junttila (2004) investigated the transmission of the reproductive stimuli from primary to daughter tillers and concluded that daughter tillers did not necessarily have to be directly exposed to inducive conditions. However, problematic toThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is pr...

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“…Precipitation greater than approximately 20 mm limited the seed set under field conditions. Chastain, King, Garbacik, Young, and Wysocki (2015) reported a similar trend, with precipitation during anthesis reducing the seed set; however, they did not quantify this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Precipitation during anthesis reduces seed set in perennial ryegrass

Abel

Boelt

2017

Grass and Forage Science

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In perennial ryegrass seed production, the establishment of seed yield potential occurs until the point of anthesis. However, utilizing potential seed yield is predominately focused on processes after anthesis, namely seed set (%) and seed filling. In practice, seed yield is the product of the number of harvested seeds remaining after cleaning and average seed weight. For this study, the anthesis patterns and seed set were recorded in a diploid variety grown in seed production fields in three different Danish regions with contrasting weather conditions and investigated in 2013 and 2014. Increases in the total precipitation during anthesis reduced the anthesis synchrony and the seed set, which ranged from 50% to 66%. Under semi-controlled environmental conditions in which the influence of precipitation was excluded, the seed set was found to be influenced by the floret position in the spikelet and ranged from 73% in the florets in basal positions to 25% in the distal florets. It is suggested that a lower number of florets per spikelet will reduce the anthesis period.These results may provide insights for breeding programmes focused on increasing seed yield.breeding, climate, flowering, rainfall, spikelet, synchrony | INTRODUCTIONPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production is determined by genetics, the environment and management practices. Seed producers are able to control two of these factors by selecting and determining the best management strategy for the genetic material grown; however, they have little to no control over the environment, which influences both the development and utilization of the seed yield potential.Seed set is an important factor in the effective utilization of the seed yield potential and the resulting seed yield. Marshall and Wilkins (2003) showed that a positive relationship occurs between the seed set and seed yield per inflorescence in a range of perennial ryegrass varieties grown under field and glasshouse conditions. However, Hampton and Hebblethwaite (1983) and Elgersma, Stephenson, and den Nijs (1989) suggested that low seed yield can be partially attributed to environmental limitations during the anthesis process, with low floret site utilization, which is defined as the percentage of florets that produce a seed, caused by low fertilization efficiency.Anthesis, pollen dehiscence, pollen viability and stigma receptivity are influenced by a number of environmental parameters. In a comprehensive review, Hill (1980) described the environmental conditions that either promote or inhibit anthesis in a range of grass species. Temperature, light intensity and precipitation are important to anthesis and pollen dehiscence in perennial ryegrass. Hill (1980) noted that day temperatures of at least 18°C are required on the day of anthesis, night temperatures of 10°C advance both the start of anthesis and peak anthesis and day temperatures below 14°CThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permi...

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Irrigation frequency and seasonal timing effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Natural variation of physiological traits, molecular markers, and chlorophyll catabolic genes associated with heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions

Natural variation of physiological traits, molecular markers, and chlorophyll catabolic genes associated with heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions

Path and correlation analysis of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed yield components

Precipitation during anthesis reduces seed set in perennial ryegrass

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