Irrigation induced surface carbon flow in a Vertisol under furrow irrigated cotton cropping systems

Nachimuthu, Gunasekhar; Hulugalle, N. R.; Watkins, Mark; Finlay, L. A.; McCorkell, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.05.011

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This again confirms that rotation crops rather than tillage are more likely to influence DOC losses. However, we found that minimum tillage minimized C losses in runoff when combined with a crop sequence such as cotton–wheat–maize (Nachimuthu et al., ) and may be related to the mechanisms that produce DOC or DON under these management systems. Total organic carbon (TOC) losses in runoff and erosion were of the order of 16%–42% of TOC gains through irrigation water (Nachimuthu et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, we found that minimum tillage minimized C losses in runoff when combined with a crop sequence such as cotton–wheat–maize (Nachimuthu et al., ) and may be related to the mechanisms that produce DOC or DON under these management systems. Total organic carbon (TOC) losses in runoff and erosion were of the order of 16%–42% of TOC gains through irrigation water (Nachimuthu et al., ). The overall average seasonal DOC losses in deep drainage during 2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–17 seasons were equal to 2.5%, 0.9% and 0.2% of annual SOC decline (880 kg ha −1 year −1 in the 0 to 0.6 m depth averaged over 20 years from 1993 to 2013) (Hulugalle et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The higher crop N use in January in 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons was likely because of the cotton crop moving from vegetative to reproductive phase (the average number of squares (flower bud) produced by cotton plants in mid‐January 2015, January 2016 and January 2017 was 61, 56 and zero, respectively). The slow growth of cotton during 2016–17 was presumably caused by the late planting in the third week of November 2016 (Nachimuthu et al., ) in conjunction with heat stress (≥35°C throughout January 2017, Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall average seasonal DOC losses in deep drainage during 2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–17 seasons were equal to 2.5%, 0.9% and 0.2% of annual SOC decline (880 kg ha −1 year −1 in the 0 to 0.6 m depth averaged over 20 years from 1993 to 2013) (Hulugalle et al., ). This implies that much of the SOC decline in this field was probably caused by microbial decomposition as there was a positive C balance when runoff C losses were deducted from irrigation water C gains (Nachimuthu et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because of a range of factors that accelerated microbial decomposition such as higher ambient temperatures, land use (e.g. long fallows), tillage and irrigation, and losses in runoff and deep drainage (Baldock, Macdonald, & Sanderman, ; Hulugalle, ; King et al., ; Nachimuthu, Hulugalle, Watkins, Finlay, & McCorkell, ). Furthermore, most studies focused on respiration losses associated with microbial decomposition with limited research conducted on soil carbon losses in runoff and drainage (King et al., ; Nachimuthu & Hulugalle, ; Stockmann, Adams, Crawford, & Field, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under cotton farming systems in a Vertisol

Nachimuthu

Watkins

Hulugalle

et al. 2019

Soil Use and Management

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Leaching with deep drainage is one of the loss pathways of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in cropping fields. However, field studies in irrigated row cropping systems are sparse. A 3-year investigation on C and N leaching associated with deep drainage was overlaid on a long-term experiment on tillage practices and crop rotations in Australia. The treatments included cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture and cotton-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or maize (Zea maize L.) rotations with maximum or minimum tillage. The deep drainage C and N concentrations at 0.6 and 1.2 m depth were measured after furrow irrigation with ceramic cup samplers during the 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 cotton seasons. Pre-planting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil at 0.6-1.2 m depth during 2016-17 was 64 mg kg −1 for maximum tilled cotton monoculture, 36 mg kg −1 for minimum tilled cotton monoculture and 39 mg kg −1 for cotton-wheat, and in maize and cotton subplots 51 and 41 mg kg −1 , respectively. Post-harvest DOC values in soil were similar in all treatments (average of 32 mg DOC kg −1 ). Total organic carbon (TOC) losses in deep drainage were equal to 2%-30% of TOC gained in irrigation water. Oxidized N losses in deep drainage ranged from 0.7% to 12% of applied N (260 kg ha −1 ). NOx-N concentrations in leachate under maize systems (20 mg L −1 ) were up to 73% lower than those in cotton systems (75 mg L −1 ). Maize sown in rotation with cotton can improve cotton yield, reduce N leaching and improve N use efficiency of subsequent cotton. K E Y W O R D S Australia, cotton, deep drainage, DOC, vertosol 444 |

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under cotton farming systems in a Vertisol

Nachimuthu

Watkins

Hulugalle

et al. 2019

Soil Use and Management

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Drip irrigation with organic fertilizer application improved soil quality and fruit yield

Yuan

Lao

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Irrigation and fertilization management are important for controlling agricultural soil salinity and increasing productivity in extremely arid regions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of long‐term drip irrigation and organic fertilizer application on soil salinity, fruit quality and yield of jujube [Ziziphus ziziphus (L.) Karst]. We established a 7‐yr field experiment in a desert‐oasis area in Northwest China. Six treatments were performed: CK (conventional irrigation, no fertilizer), CIMF (conventional irrigation, mineral fertilizer), CIOF (conventional irrigation, organic fertilizer), DI (drip irrigation, no fertilizer), DIMF (drip irrigation, mineral fertilizer), and DIOF (drip irrigation, organic fertilizer). The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in soil treated with organic fertilizer increased gradually over years. Treatment DIOF favored the accumulation of SOC with the highest content and stock after 7 yr. Lower salt content in root zone was found in DIOF after 7 yr. The yield of DIOF increased annually and reached an equilibrium level after the fourth year (14.88 to 16.69 Mg ha−1). Total carbohydrate and vitamin C (Vc) of DIOF of fruit were all significantly higher than CIOF and DIMF. The boosted regression tree showed that SOC content had the highest relative contribution rate to jujube yield. Path analysis identified the most important factor affecting SOC in the drip‐fertigation system was the input of organic fertilizer, with path coefficient 0.65. Long‐term combination of drip irrigation and organic fertilizer application would be an effective strategy maintaining productivity and improve fruit quality in extremely arid areas.

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Tail‐drain sediments are a potential hotspot for nitrous oxide emissions in furrow‐irrigated Vertisols used to grow cotton: A laboratory incubation study

et al. 2020

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The impacts of soil properties and urea fertigation on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from uncropped areas of furrow‐irrigated Vertisol paddocks are unknown. We sampled soils from the head‐ditch end (upslope) and sediments from the tail‐drain end (downslope) of 10 Vertisols under irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in northeastern Australia. Four replicates of each sample were incubated in open‐top polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chambers at 25 ± 2°C for 25 d. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured periodically after simulated irrigations on Days 0 and 15 with either water or, for soils, urea solution. Compared with the soils, sediments were enriched in silt, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium N, and dissolved organic C (DOC) but had lower pH and sand content. Sediments emitted more N2O than soils from the same paddocks after water irrigations. Nitrous oxide fluxes varied by two orders of magnitude between paddocks, with most variation explained by baseline nitrate N, TOC, pH (inversely), and sand content. Urea solution applied to soils at 30 kg N ha−1 irrigation−1 increased N2O emitted, but more so after the second irrigation. In irrigated cotton systems, tail‐drain sediments are a potential hotspot for N2O emissions that has not previously been documented.

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Irrigation induced surface carbon flow in a Vertisol under furrow irrigated cotton cropping systems

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under cotton farming systems in a Vertisol

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under cotton farming systems in a Vertisol

Drip irrigation with organic fertilizer application improved soil quality and fruit yield

Tail‐drain sediments are a potential hotspot for nitrous oxide emissions in furrow‐irrigated Vertisols used to grow cotton: A laboratory incubation study

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