Irrigation management in poplar (Populus spp.) plantations: A review

Xi, Benye; Clothier, Brent; Coleman, Mark D.; Duan, Jie; Hu, Wei; Li, Doudou; Di, Nan; Liu, Yang; Fu, Jingyi; Li, Jiusheng; Jia, Liming; Fernández, J. E.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119330

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In this study, we employed P . x canescens , an important, highly water-spending biomass species (Xi et al ., 2021) to test whether the heterologous expression of a biotechnologically relevant enzyme, the Sc WS can improve cuticular properties and reduce water consumption. This question is important because poplar plantations are known for their huge water demand, which may even cause a decline in the groundwater table (Wilske et al ., 2009; Folch and Ferrer, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax ester synthase overexpression affects stomatal development, water consumption and growth of poplars

Amirkhosravi,

Strijkstra,

Keyl

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Poplars are important fast-growing biomass crops. Their water-spending lifestyle renders them susceptible to drought and threatens plantations under global climate change with extended periods of water deprivation. The cuticle and stomatal regulation are major traits to protect plants from uncontrolled water loss. Here, we targeted the wax biosynthesis pathway of Populus x canescens by overexpressing jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) wax ester synthase (ScWS) to improve cuticular properties. ScWS expression caused accumulation of lipid droplets inside the cells, decreased transcript levels of endogenous wax biosynthetic genes, and moderate shifts in surface wax composition but did not affect non-stomatal water loss. During short- and long-term drought scenarios under greenhouse and outdoor conditions, ScWS lines showed decreased stomatal conductance and increased water-use-efficiencies leading to a water-saving phenotype and delayed leaf shedding. This phenotype was caused by a high fraction (80%) of wax-occluded or semi-occluded stomata, and was accompanied by suppression of OCCLUDED STOMATAL PORE1 (OSP1), known to cause abberant wax accumulation at the stomatal ledges as found here. Occluded stomata limited poplar photosynthesis under high but not under low light intensities. Leaf damage and insect scores did not reveal differences compared with wild-type plants. Biomass production of ScWS lines was unaffected in short-term experiments but dropped below that of wild-type poplars at the end of two field seasons, indicating a growth trade-off. In conclusion, our study pinpoints a tight connection between wax biosynthesis and stomatal features and opens a new avenue to improve poplar water consumption by optimizing stomatal ledges with refined biotechnological approaches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax ester synthase overexpression affects stomatal development, water consumption and growth of poplars

Amirkhosravi,

Strijkstra,

Keyl

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The results suggest both practical and scientific consequences. In arid and semiarid regions, long-term additional water supply (e.g., irrigation) is widely applied to improve ecosystem services by promoting plant growth and yield (Walker, 2012;Xi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results suggest both practical and scientific consequences. In arid and semiarid regions, long‐term additional water supply (e.g., irrigation) is widely applied to improve ecosystem services by promoting plant growth and yield (Walker, 2012; Xi et al, 2021). Although irrigation increases plant photosynthetic productivity to some extent, ample water supply will result in a permissive water‐use strategy (Figure 3c), decreasing water‐use efficiency and further exacerbating regional water deficit for a long time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyposensitive canopy conductance renders ecosystems vulnerable to meteorological droughts

Zhang

Oren

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Increased meteorological drought intensity with rising atmospheric demand for water (hereafter vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) increases the risk of tree mortality and ecosystem dysfunction worldwide. Ecosystem‐scale water‐use strategy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in regulating drought‐related ecosystem responses. However, the link between water‐use strategy and ecosystem vulnerability to meteorological droughts is poorly established. Using the global flux observations, historic hydroclimatic data, remote‐sensing products, and plant functional‐trait archive, we identified potentially vulnerable ecosystems, examining how ecosystem water‐use strategy, quantified by the percentage bias (δ) of the empirical canopy conductance sensitivity to VPD relative to the theoretical value, mediated ecosystem responses to droughts. We found that prevailing soil water availability substantially impacted δ in dryland regions where ecosystems with insufficient soil moisture usually showed conservative water‐use strategy, while ecosystems in humid regions exhibited more pronounced climatic adaptability. Hyposensitive and hypersensitive ecosystems, classified based on δ falling below or above the theoretical sensitivity, respectively, achieved similar net ecosystem productivity during droughts, employing different structural and functional strategies. However, hyposensitive ecosystems, risking their hydraulic system with a permissive water‐use strategy, were unable to recover from droughts as quickly as hypersensitive ones. Our findings highlight that processed‐based models predicting current functions and future performance of vegetation should account for the greater vulnerability of hyposensitive ecosystems to intensifying atmospheric and soil droughts.

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“…However, among the abiotic stressors, water availability is the most limiting one. The rapid growth of poplar is highly dependent on water, and drought results in rapid decline and mortality ( Xi et al., 2021 ). Besides abiotic stressors, poplars are susceptible to diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar

et al. 2022

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Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of Phytophthora spp. that have proven to be a global enemy to forests. With the known adaptability to new hosts, it is only a matter of time for more aggressive Phytophthora species to become a threat to poplar forests and plantations. Here, the effects of artificial inoculation with two different representatives of aggressive species (P. cactorum and P. plurivora) were analyzed in the proteome of the Phytophthora-tolerant hybrid poplar clone T-14 [Populus tremula L. 70 × (Populus × canescens (Ait.) Sm. 23)]. Wood microcore samples were collected at the active necrosis borders to provide insight into the molecular processes underlying the observed tolerance to Phytophthora. The analysis revealed the impact of Phytophthora on poplar primary and secondary metabolism, including carbohydrate-active enzymes, amino acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and lipid metabolism, all of which were confirmed by consecutive metabolome and lipidome profiling. Modulations of enzymes indicating systemic response were confirmed by the analysis of leaf proteome, and sampling of wood microcores in distal locations revealed proteins with abundance correlating with proximity to the infection, including germin-like proteins, components of proteosynthesis, glutamate carboxypeptidase, and an enzyme that likely promotes anthocyanin stability. Finally, the identified Phytophthora-responsive proteins were compared to those previously found in trees with compromised defense against Phytophthora, namely, Quercus spp. and Castanea sativa. That provided a subset of candidate markers of Phytophthora tolerance, including certain ribosomal proteins, auxin metabolism enzymes, dioxygenases, polyphenol oxidases, trehalose-phosphate synthase, mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, and rhamnose biosynthetic enzymes. In summary, this analysis provided the first insight into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid poplar defense against Phytophthora and identified prospective targets for improving Phytophthora tolerance in trees.

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Irrigation management in poplar (Populus spp.) plantations: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 77 publications

Wax ester synthase overexpression affects stomatal development, water consumption and growth of poplars

Wax ester synthase overexpression affects stomatal development, water consumption and growth of poplars

Hyposensitive canopy conductance renders ecosystems vulnerable to meteorological droughts

Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar

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