Water resources under conditions of intense anthropogenic pressure and climatic changes are becoming one of the critical factors in the mankind development and the world economy. Improving the water resources use efficiency in agriculture in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries is closely related to land reclamation. The conditions for the agricultural production water resource supply improving and the water use efficiency increasing during irrigation were considered, the measures required for this were determined, as well as the directions of the CIS countries joint research in the field of water resources use and protection, land desertification prevention.