Irrigation of Lucerne under semi-arid conditions in Cyprus

Metochis, C.

doi:10.1007/bf00277630

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…where the values of the crop coefficient (K c ) to be used for a specific crop were derived from the literature (Doorenbos & Pruitt 1992;Allen et al 1998), as well as from data derived from field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of Cyprus, over a long period (Metochis 1980(Metochis , 1989Metochis & Orphanos 1981, 1988, 1997Stylianou & Orphanos 1981;Eliades 1992). The value of K c varies among plant species, as well as among crop growth stages.…”

Section: Estimation Of Crop Evapotranspiration and Net Irrigation Reqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that average annual rainfall in Cyprus reveals a decreasing trend in the last 40 years (Pashiardis & Michaelides 2008), whereas annual mean temperatures show an increasing trend (Price et al 1999; Giannakopoulos et al 2010). Thus, there is a growing concern that both the ET and NIR values in Cyprus have been increased (Metochis & Orphanos 1988; Metochis 1989, 1997). Such an increase is important, as the agricultural sector in Cyprus consumes nearly 0·70 of the total water resources available on the island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal variations in evapotranspiration and net water requirements of typical Mediterranean crops on the island of Cyprus

2017

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SUMMARYDiminishing irrigation water availability and increased crop evapotranspiration (ET) have already been shown to pose threats to agricultural productivity. The aim of the current study was to estimate the values and trends of both ET and net irrigation requirements (NIR) of those crops consuming most water due to the size of their cultivated area (citrus and potatoes) in a water-scarce region with typical Mediterranean climate, such as Cyprus, analyse possible spatial and temporal variations of these parameters, and discuss implications of this analysis on agricultural water conservation. A linear regression analysis of ET and NIR values of potatoes and citrus during recent decades in their four main cultivated areas uncovered both increasing and decreasing trends for these parameters. Overall, however, the results did not show any change in irrigation water demands for these crops during recent years. In accordance with this outcome, average ET and NIR values of the majority of cultivated crops on the island showed no statistically significant differences between the periods 1976–2000 and 1990–2014. Conversely, this was not the case when data were analysed within each weather station across crops. It is suggested, therefore, that agricultural water resource management schemes should not be focused merely on a regional analysis of changes but that emphasis should be given to site-specific values and trends of ET and NIR estimations, ultimately serving the conservation of agricultural water.

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Section: Estimation Of Crop Evapotranspiration and Net Irrigation Reqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations in evapotranspiration and net water requirements of typical Mediterranean crops on the island of Cyprus

2017

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“…ET a values for groundnut were compared to the Epan values provided by the ARI of Cyprus. The ARI has the resources for estimating ET a by using Epan data collected since 1978 (Metochis 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of earth observation methods for estimating regional crop evapotranspiration and yield for water footprint accounting

Papadavid

Toulios

2017

J. Agric. Sci.

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Remote sensing can efficiently support the quantification of crop water requirements included in the goal of assessing water footprints, which is to analyse how human activities or specific products relate to issues of water scarcity and pollution and identify how activities and products can become more sustainable from a water perspective. Remote sensing techniques have become popular in estimating actual crop evapotranspiration and hence crop water requirements in recent decades due to the advantages they offer to users, e.g. low cost, regional data and use of maps instead of point measurements as well as saving time. The use of earth observation data supports models’ accuracy in the procedure for assessing water footprint, since no average values are used: instead, users have real values for the specific parameters.The present study provides two examples of how remote sensing techniques are used essentially for estimating evapotranspiration along with crop yield, two basic parameters, for assessing water footprint. Two different case studies have been illustrated to define the methodology proposed, which refers to Mediterranean conditions and can be applied after inferring the necessary field data of each crop. The first case study refers to the application of Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) for estimating evapotranspiration, while the second refers to the Crop Yield prediction. Both elements, such as evapotranspiration and crop yield, are vital for water footprint accounting. Firstly, the SEBAL was adopted, under the essential adaptations for local soil and meteorological conditions for estimating groundnut water requirements. Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ and Landsat 8 OLI images were used to retrieve the required spectral data. The SEBAL model is enhanced with empirical equations regarding crop canopy factors, in order to increase the accuracy of crop evapotranspiration estimation. Maps were created for evapotranspiration (ET) using the SEBAL modified model for the area of interest. The results were compared with measurements from an evaporation pan, used as a reference. Statistical comparisons showed that the modified SEBAL can predict ETc in a very effective and accurate way and provide water footprint modellers with high-level crop water data. Yield prediction plays a vital role in calculating water footprint. Having real values rather than taking reference (or averaged) values from FAO is an advantage that Earth Observation means can provide. This is very important in econometric or any other prediction models used for estimating water footprint because using average data reduces accuracy. In this context, crop and soil parameters along with remotely sensed data can be used to develop models that can provide users with accurate yield estimations. In a second step, crop and soil parameters along with the normalized difference vegetation index were correlated to examine whether crop yield can be predicted and to define the actual time-window to predict the yield. Statistical and remote sensing techniques were then applied to derive and map a model that can predict crop yield. The algorithm developed for this purpose indicates that remote sensing observations can predict crop yields effectively and accurately. Using the statistical Student's t test, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between predicted and real values for crop yield.

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“…Values of the coefficients can be derived from the literature [18,19] but they were extensively studied and adjusted to local conditions by the Agricultural Research Institute of Cyprus (e.g., [20,21]). The net irrigation requirements (NIR) of the crops were calculated by subtracting from the actual water requirements of crops (ETc values) the effective rainfall (Pe), i.e., rain water that is not percolated below the root zone or run-off, but is stored in the root zone and can be used by the plants [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of Irrigation Schedules as a Strategy to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Cyprus

2018

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The study aimed at investigating eventual deviations from typical recommendations of irrigation water application to crops in Cyprus given the undeniable changes in recent weather conditions. It focused on the seasonal or monthly changes in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and net irrigation requirements (NIR) of a number of permanent and annual crops over two consecutive overlapping periods (1976-2000 and 1990-2014). While the differences in the seasonal ETc and NIR estimates were not statistically significant between the studied periods, differences were identified via a month-by-month comparison. In March, the water demands of crops appeared to be significantly greater during the recent past in relation to 1976-2000, while for NIR, March showed statistically significant increases and September showed significant decreases. Consequently, the adjustment of irrigation schedules to climate change by farmers should not rely on annual trends as an eventual mismatch of monthly crop water needs with irrigation water supply might affect the critical growth stages of crops with a disproportionately greater negative impact on yields and quality. The clear increase in irrigation needs in March coincides with the most sensitive growth stage of irrigated potato crops in Cyprus. Therefore, the results may serve as a useful tool for current and future adaptation measures.

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Irrigation of Lucerne under semi-arid conditions in Cyprus

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial and temporal variations in evapotranspiration and net water requirements of typical Mediterranean crops on the island of Cyprus

Spatial and temporal variations in evapotranspiration and net water requirements of typical Mediterranean crops on the island of Cyprus

The use of earth observation methods for estimating regional crop evapotranspiration and yield for water footprint accounting

Adjustment of Irrigation Schedules as a Strategy to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Cyprus

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