Irritant dermatitis from diallylglycol carbonate monomer in the optical industry

Lacroix, Michel; Burckel, H.; Foussereau, J; Grosshans, É; Cavelier, C.; Limasset, J. C.; Ducos, P.; Gradinski, D.; Duprat, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03025.x

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Exposure to acrolein concentrations of ! In patch tests, severe edema with bullae and erythema were observed in 6/48 individuals exposed to 1.0% acrolein, while more severe effects (including bullae, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and papillary edema) were observed in 8/8 subjects exposed to 10% acrolein (70). In patch tests, severe edema with bullae and erythema were observed in 6/48 individuals exposed to 1.0% acrolein, while more severe effects (including bullae, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and papillary edema) were observed in 8/8 subjects exposed to 10% acrolein (70).…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Acrolein: Hazard Characterization and Exposure–response Analysis

Gomes

Liteplo

Meek

2001

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C

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Acrolein has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Adverse health effects associated with exposure to acrolein are primarily confined to the tissue of first contact and are concentration related. A tolerable concentration of 0.4 mg/m 3 has been derived, based upon the benchmark dose associated with a 5% increase in degenerative changes in the nasal respiratory epithelium of rats in a short-term inhalation study. For ingestion, a provisional tolerable concentration of 1.5 mg/L (7.5 mg/kg body weight per day) has been derived, based upon the benchmark dose associated with a 5% adverse response for non-neoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of rats in a subchronic oral study. 23

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Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Acrolein: Hazard Characterization and Exposure–response Analysis

Gomes

Liteplo

Meek

2001

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C

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“…In order to prevent other routes of absorption (inhalation, licking), the entire trunk of each animal was wrapped in a rubber sleeve as in Draize's method for cutaneous irritation test (Draize et al 1944). These vials have been previously used for intermittent cutaneous application (Scheuplein 1965 ;Lacroix et al 1976). Their use is easier than that of glass rings (Wahlberg 1977) which must be glued with Cyanolit@ (a-cyanoacrylate).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Toxicity of Hexachlorobutadiene

Duprat

1978

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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Rabbits have been epicutaneously exposed to pure hexachlorobutadiene (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.00 ml/kg) during 8 hrs. This solvent was completely absorbed; some animals died within 24 hrs and others a few days later. The LD50 is 0.72 ml/kg (Bliss' method). Hexachlorobutadiene induced in situ cutaneous necrosis and its absorption induced systemic damage (fatty liver degeneration and epithelial necrotizing nephritis). These lesions are reversible. The present results confirm the toxicological profile of this solvent, previously established by the intraperitoneal and oral routes : hexachlorobutadiene is the most nephrotoxic aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon.

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“…Dermatitis frequently appears to result from direct contact with the liquid monomer. Some cases would appear to be traceable to residual monomer or other ingredient(s) in partially polymerized polymer because "adherence of the polymer to the molds is often associated by the workers with the irritant nature of the resin" (131). The National Fire Protection Association ranks the health hazard for this monomer as 1 (slightly toxic) (133).…”

Section: Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A peroxide catalyst (typically benzoyl peroxide, isopropyl percarbonate, or cyclohexyl percarbonate) is dissolved at about 3% by weight in the diallyl glycol carbonate. Then the liquid is polymerized first to a gel and then to a fusible solid (131). CR-39 is used for lenses and optical devices because it is lightweight and resistant to impact, scratch, and abrasion.…”

Section: Production and Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Polymers: Polyesters, Polyethers, Polysulfones, and Other Polymers

Benson¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Commercial use of polyester resins dates from the early twentieth century, when alkyd resins were first used in surface coatings. The polyesters are found today as fibers, films, laminating resins, molding resins, and engineering plastics. Many of the high molecular weight polyethers are used as engineering plastics, as are the polysulfides and the polysulfones. Important properties of these compounds and production data for the general categories are provided. Processing techniques vary widely and are discussed in the sections in this chapter. Although toxicity data for some of these polymers are limited, information is discussed in the sections in this chapter. In many cases, the finished polymers are associated with low toxicity. However, some chemicals within the finished products have been known to migrate from the polymers (although usually in small amounts). Further, some of the polymers described in this chapter are used in biomedical equipment, including grafts and other implants, dialysis membranes, or as vehicles for intravenous injections, and there may be toxicity associated with these uses. For specific medical applications, any risks should be weighed against benefits derived from the products. Consultation with medical professionals is necessary before deciding on whether to use particular devices. Certainly some of the highest potentials for concern associated with these polymers are for workers at manufacturing or processing sites. Workers may be exposed to volatile chemicals (e.g., monomers, flame retardants, additives) generated during processing of flammable solvents, elevated temperatures, or fires. Workers may also be exposed to dust or particulates generated in the manufacturing and processing of polyester fibers. Finally, explosion hazards might be possible where static charges are generated (e.g., during physical processing of polyester films over rollers) where flammable materials are used. Industrial hygiene concerns with these polymers depend on the type of resin. Examples of such concerns include the following: significant quantities of styrene may be released during the fabrication of unsaturated polyester resins; particulates that have biologically significant consequences when inhaled in large amounts may be generated in the manufacturing and processing of polyester fibers; processing of polyoxymethylene in a poorly ventilated space may release biologically significant amounts of formaldehyde into the adjacent atmosphere; or sulfur‐containing engineering resins may yield hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide if heated to decomposition temperatures. The chemical inputs typically used to synthesize each of the polymers as well as relevant additives are discussed in the sections in this chapter. Toxicity data for most of these inputs can be found in other chapters of this edition of Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology . No specific standards are known that pertain to ordinary industrial use of the finished polymeric products. However, there may be occupational exposure limits for the chemicals used to synthesize or process these polymers. In addition, there are occupational exposure limits for dust and particles that may be applicable. There are also several examples of general protection measures that might be required such as using a continuous supply of fresh air to the workplace together with removal of processing fumes through exhaust systems is recommended. Also, processing fume condensates that are toxic or are fire hazards should be removed periodically from exhaust hoods, ductwork, and other surfaces by individuals using appropriate personal protection. Ventilation requirements must be locally determined to limit exposure to materials at their point of use. Use of proper personal protection while cleaning or handling condensates and plastic processing fumes should be observed. The polymers described in this chapter have generally little or no data on toxicity from burning. The toxicological aspects of plastic combustion products can be very complex in part because it is very difficult to simulate real‐world environments under controlled conditions. Also, depending on a variety of factors, the qualitative and quantitative nature of chemicals present in the combustion product mixtures will vary. Some factors that may contribute to toxicity of combustion products of these polymers include increase of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, decrease of oxygen, and the presence of irritant gases. The primary effects from fires are often asphyxia due to oxygen deficiency, poisoning from carbon monoxide, heat damage to tissues, and irritation of the respiratory tract by combustion gases. Some polymers are used in packaging (or directly in food), and clearances for direct or indirect food contact applications are listed under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and are listed in the sections in this chapter. Other polymers have been approved for use in specific medical devices that may be implanted in the body or used in dialysis machines.

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Irritant dermatitis from diallylglycol carbonate monomer in the optical industry

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Acrolein: Hazard Characterization and Exposure–response Analysis

Acrolein: Hazard Characterization and Exposure–response Analysis

Percutaneous Toxicity of Hexachlorobutadiene

Synthetic Polymers: Polyesters, Polyethers, Polysulfones, and Other Polymers

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