Irritative potency of selected wound antiseptics in the hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane to predict their compatibility to wounds

Abstract

Antiseptics are being used for prevention of infections in acute wounds and for treatment of infections in acute and chronic wounds. However, some antiseptics' high tissue toxicity might delay the healing process. The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue toxicity of preferentially used wound antiseptics and the influence of antiphlogistic additives via the hen's egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM). The HET-CAM is a semi-in-vivo method testing the tissue tolerability of wound antiseptics by evaluating the blood vessel reaction of the chorioallantoic membrane in terms of hemorrhage, vessel lysis, and coagulation. For each test day, selected test substances were applied on the membranes of two to three eggs according to the test protocol. The overall irritation was then evaluated by referring to a calculated score. Normal distribution of the resulting scores was confirmed by D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus K2 test. Significant differences between the antiseptics were calculated by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Severe CAM reactions were observed after short-term application of octenidine based wound gel (0.05%) and chlorhexidine digluconate (0.5% solution), moderate reactions for octenidine (0.05%) in aqueous solution combined with dexpanthenol (1.34%) and allantoin (0.2%) or for hydrogen peroxide (1.5% and 0.5%) in aqueous solution, slight reactions were observed for hydrogen peroxide (1.5%) in aqueous solution in combination with sodium thiocyanate (0.698%) and for the combination of NaOCl/ HOCl (each 0.004%). Polyhexanide (0.04%) in Ringer solution and polyhexanide (0.05%) in Lipofundin, the hemoglobin spray (10%), dexpanthenol, and allantoin showed no irritation. The HET-CAM qualifies as a primary screening test for tissue tolerance of wound antiseptics. Regarding local tolerability, polyhexanide and hypochlorite are superior to other antiseptics.

<p>Assessment of Acceptability and Ease of Use of Haemoglobin Spray (Granulox^®) in the Management of Chronic Wounds</p>

“…A recent publication by Harnoss and colleagues evaluated the irritation potential of the product utilising the established hen's egg model. 53 The authors reported that the haemoglobin spray showed no irritation in the performed test, thus supporting the safety of the spray as suggested by the clinical testing.…”

Polypseudorotaxanes of Pluronic® F127 with Combinations of α- and β-Cyclodextrins for Topical Formulation of Acyclovir

“…HET-CAM (Hen's Egg Test Chorio-Allantoic-Membrane) assay is an useful approach to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the irritation of chemicals, considering that the test mimics vascular changes in the chorioallantoic membrane, an analog for ocular conjuntiva [50,51]. Furthermore, this approach can be useful to evaluate primary cutaneous irritation also for topical formulations, providing indices of biocompatibility for a given material [52]. Control studies using 0.9% NaCl as a negative control led to IS values of 0.0, while with respect to the 0.1 N NaOH as positive control, the IS value was 21.…”

Poly(vinyl alcohol) triggers Au nanoparticles formation for near‐infrared radiation‐responsive gels and nanofibers

“…A first preliminary screening of biocompatibility of the PVA gels with the spontaneously formed Au NPs (after 30 days incubation) was carried out using the HET‐CAM assay. This semi in vivo test provides information on the reaction of the blood vessels of the CAM to potentially irritant substances intended for ocular administration or for skin wound healing . Relevantly none gels caused hemorrhage, vessel lysis, or coagulation and behaved as the negative control (0.9% NaCl solution), which means that the IS equals to 0 (Figure ).…”

“…Fertilized hen's eggs (Coren, Spain) were used to carry out the Chorio‐Allantoic Membrane (CAM) assay . The eggs were incubated in a climatic chamber (Ineltec, Barcelona) at 37°C and 60% RH during 9 days, as previously described .…”