IRX5 promotes DNA damage repair and activation of hair follicle stem cells

Chen, Jefferson K.; Wiedemann, Julie; Nguyen, Ly; Lin, Zongming; Tahir, Mahum; Hui, Chi‐chung; Plikus, Maksim V.; Andersen, Bogi

doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.013

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Among the 19 malignant tumors included in the TCGA database, the macrophage M2/M1 ratio in THCA ranked 6th (63%), and therefore, regulating macrophage polarization toward M1 has significant potential in THCA treatment. Previously, it was reported that P53 is an important regulator of macrophage polarization ( 40 , 41 ), and in hepatocellular carcinoma, IRX5 may promote hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and inhibit its apoptosis by regulating the TP53 signaling pathway ( 42 ). Therefore, we hypothesized that in PTC, knockdown of IRX5 may inhibit the development of PTC by suppressing the TP53 signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the polarization of TAM toward M1, which ultimately inhibits the development of PTC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRX5’s influence on macrophage polarization and outcome in papillary thyroid cancer

Qin,

Chen,

Gui

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundWith a rise in recent years, thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent hormonal cancer worldwide. It is essential to investigate the inherent variability at the molecular level and the immune environment within tumors of various thyroid cancer subtypes in order to identify potential targets for therapy and provide precise treatment for patients with thyroid adenocarcinoma.MethodsFirst, we analyzed the expression of IRX5 in pan-cancer and papillary thyroid carcinoma by bioinformatics methods and collected paired samples from our center for validation. Subsequently, we analyzed the significance of IRX5 on the prognosis and diagnosis of PTC. Next, we explored the possible mechanisms by which IRX5 affects the prognosis of thyroid cancer patients by GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and further investigated the effect of IRX5 on immune infiltration of thyroid cancer. Ultimately, by conducting experiments on cells and animals, we were able to show how IRX5 impacts the aggressive characteristics of thyroid cancer cells and its influence on macrophages within the immune system of thyroid cancer.ResultsIn 11 malignant tumors, including PTC, IRX5 is overexpressed and associated with a poor prognosis. IRX5 may affect the prognosis of PTC through embryonic organ development, ossification, mesenchyme development, etc. Increased IRX5 expression decreases the presence of cytotoxic and Th17 cells in papillary thyroid cancer. IRX5 was highly expressed in different PTC cell lines, such as K-1 and TPC-1. Silencing IRX5 effectively halted the growth and movement of PTC cells while also decreasing M2 polarization and enhancing M1 polarization in tumor-associated macrophages.ConclusionIRX5 could impact the outlook of individuals with PTC by stimulating the shift of macrophages to M2 in the immune surroundings of thyroid cancer growths, suggesting a potential new focus for treating thyroid cancer, particularly through immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRX5’s influence on macrophage polarization and outcome in papillary thyroid cancer

Qin,

Chen,

Gui

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Ultraviolet Light Causes Skin Cell Senescence: From Mechanism to Prevention Principle

Song,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Advanced Biology

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The skin is an effective protective barrier that significantly protects the body from damage caused by external environmental factors. Furthermore, skin condition significantly affects external beauty. In today's era, which is of material and spiritual prosperity, there is growing attention on skincare and wellness. Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most common external factors that lead to conditions like sunburn, skin cancer, and skin aging. In this review, several mechanisms of UV‐induced skin cell senescence are discussed, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which have their own characteristics and mutual effects. As an illustration, mitochondrial dysfunction triggers electron evasion and the generation of more reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn causes mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) damage. Based on the current mechanism, suitable prevention and treatment strategies are proposed from sunscreen, dietary, and experimental medications respectively, aimed at slowing down skin cell aging and providing protection from ultraviolet radiation. The effects of ultraviolet rays on skin is summarized, offering insights and directions for future studies on mechanism of skin cell senescence, with an anticipation of discovering more effective prevention and cure methods.

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Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of stem cell dynamics in hair follicle regeneration

Lee,

Choi

2024

Exp Mol Med

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Hair follicles, which are connected to sebaceous glands in the skin, undergo cyclic periods of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout adult life in mammals. The crucial function of hair follicle stem cells is to maintain these hair growth cycles. Another vital aspect is the activity of melanocyte stem cells, which differentiate into melanin-producing melanocytes, contributing to skin and hair pigmentation. Sebaceous gland stem cells also have a pivotal role in maintaining the skin barrier by regenerating mature sebocytes. These stem cells are maintained in a specialized microenvironment or niche and are regulated by internal and external signals, determining their dynamic behaviors in homeostasis and hair follicle regeneration. The activity of these stem cells is tightly controlled by various factors secreted by the niche components around the hair follicles, as well as immune-mediated damage signals, aging, metabolic status, and stress. In this study, we review these diverse stem cell regulatory and related molecular mechanisms of hair regeneration and disease conditions. Molecular insights would provide new perspectives on the disease mechanisms as well as hair and skin disorder treatment.

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IRX5 promotes DNA damage repair and activation of hair follicle stem cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

IRX5’s influence on macrophage polarization and outcome in papillary thyroid cancer

IRX5’s influence on macrophage polarization and outcome in papillary thyroid cancer

Ultraviolet Light Causes Skin Cell Senescence: From Mechanism to Prevention Principle

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of stem cell dynamics in hair follicle regeneration

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