Is a diagnostic system based exclusively on agar gel immunodiffusion adequate for controlling the spread of equine infectious anaemia?

Scicluna, Maria Teresa; Issel, Charles J.; Cook, Frank R.; Manna, Giuseppe; Cersini, Antonella; Rosone, Francesca; Frontoso, Raffaele; Caprioli, Andrea; Antonetti, Valeria; Autorino, Gian Luca

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.027

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A second cutoff value of PI was introduced at 30%, creating a range within which samples were defined as equivocal. This was established on the basis of the PI of samples of 5 EIAV-infected animals, as confirmed by PCR and immunoblot, 13,18 which was 31-47% in various runs. At 30% of PI, sensitivity was still 100% (CI: 91.6-100%) and specificity was 44.12% (CI: 38.3-50.1%).…”

Section: Determination Of Cutoff Valuesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…18 For the PI interval of 30-50%, with specificity of 44-73.2%, the probability of sera with a false-positive reaction is high. However, when the effective DSp was estimated, this resulted in ~80%, which was considered acceptable for a screening method.…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its use in a 3-tier system improves the efficacy of surveillance programs for EIA. 18 This testing pathway uses different methods in series with an initial screening by ELISA (tier 1), with positive and equivocal samples confirmed by 625092V DIXXX10.1177/1040638715625092OIE validation of a cELISA for equine infectious anemiaNardini et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation according to OIE criteria of a monoclonal, recombinant p26–based, serologic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as screening method in surveillance programs for the detection of Equine infectious anemia virus antibodies

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The Italian National Reference Center for equine infectious anemia (CRAIE; Rome, Italy) developed and validated a monoclonal, recombinant p26-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of EIA virus antibodies employing the 2010 criteria of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The following parameters were evaluated: cutoff values, repeatability, reproducibility, concordance, analytical sensitivity (Se), absolute analytical specificity (Sp), and diagnostic Se and Sp. Positive and negative predictive values were also defined in relation to the estimated prevalence. When the cELISA was used as a screening test for 96,468 samples in the Italian EIA surveillance program, 17% more EIA cases were detected than by the agar gel immunodiffusion test, and the apparent diagnostic Sp estimated from these samples was 99.8%, which was more than the diagnostic Sp (80.2%) estimated from validation. The high Se and Sp of the cELISA confirm its fit for purpose as a screening test.

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Section: Determination Of Cutoff Valuesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation according to OIE criteria of a monoclonal, recombinant p26–based, serologic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as screening method in surveillance programs for the detection of Equine infectious anemia virus antibodies

et al. 2016

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“…In its initial phases, the AGID was employed both as screening and as confirmatory method respectively by the network of the ten Official Laboratories and the National Reference Centre (NRC) for EIA. In recent years, scientific reports [6–8], including those from Canada [9] and the USA [5], have demonstrated that ELISA-based tests are potentially more sensitive than AGID. The NRC adopted a similar approach to that described in these studies to evaluate, on the basis of their key diagnostic characteristics, the possibility of employing ELISA kits available in Italy for the serological screening of equid serum samples examined within the National surveillance programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of six serological ELISA kits available in Italy as screening tests for equine infectious anaemia surveillance

et al. 2017

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BackgroundELISAs are known to have a higher diagnostic sensitivity than the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) when employed for serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia (EIA). For this purpose, an “in-house” and five commercial ELISAs available in Italy were assessed by the National Reference Centre for EIA for their analytic specificity (Sp); precocity, defined as capability of detecting first antibodies produced during a new infection; precision based on repeatability and reproducibility, estimated from the coefficient of variation (CV); accuracy, estimated from multiple K and relative Sp and sensitivity (Se). Two serum panels, positive for non-equine retroviruses and the most frequent equine viruses, were employed to measure analytic Sp. ELISA precocity was also compared to that of one “in-house” and three commercial AGID kits, employing a panel of sera, collected weekly from horses infected with modified EIA viruses. Precision and accuracy were defined using results of a panel containing positive and negative sera examined in an inter-laboratory trial with the participation of the ten Official Laboratories. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used to assess the appropriateness of each kit for routine use.ResultsAnalytic Sp was 100%, while the 75th percentile of CVs for positive sera varied from 0.4% to 12.73% for repeatability and from 1.6% to 44.87% for reproducibility. Although CV of the negative serum was constantly high, its outcome was unaltered. Relative Se ranged from 98.2% to 100%, relative Sp was constantly 100% and multiple K ranged from 0.95 to 1. Precocity differed among the assays: three kits detected 4.8% and 42.9% positive samples on 21 days post infection (dpi), all assays detected positive samples on 28 dpi, between 47.6% and 95.2%. Precocity of ELISAs was superior to that of the AGIDs except for two assays. In view of the feedback obtained from the questionnaires, all kits were considered appropriate for routine use.ConclusionAll ELISAs having high Se and precocity are preferable as a screening test in EIA surveillance programmes to the AGID tests examined. These two tests can be incorporated in a serial diagnostic pathway to improve the efficacy of a surveillance plan.

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“…The use of a combination of tests to more accurately diagnose EIAV infections has been already proposed 5,7,8 . The diagnostic algorithm consists in using the advantage of the higher sensitivity of ELISA tests to identify the EIA negative population, the increased power (specificity) of the AGID test to take actions (segregate/sacrifice of AGID positive horses), and the use of immunoblot tests in the uncommon samples yielding ELISA positive/AGID negative results.…”

Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of ELISA commercial kits for the screening of equine infectious anemia virus infection

Álvarez¹,

Cipolini

Wigdorovitz³

et al. 2015

Revista Argentina de Microbiología

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The most used and reliable indicator of Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infection is the detection of its specific antibodies in horse serum. In the present study, the performance of two commercial ELISA tests for the detection of EIAV antibodies as well as the potential advantages of their use as an EIAV infection screening tool were evaluated in 302 horse serum samples. Both ELISA assays showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity, and 92.3-94.3% diagnostic specificity. Discordant results were analyzed by immunoblot. The results showed that both ELISA tests are very efficient at detecting EIAV infected animals, allowing to identify a higher number of positive horse cases. Thus, ELISA assays can be useful tools in EIA control and eradication.

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Is a diagnostic system based exclusively on agar gel immunodiffusion adequate for controlling the spread of equine infectious anaemia?

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Validation according to OIE criteria of a monoclonal, recombinant p26–based, serologic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as screening method in surveillance programs for the detection of Equine infectious anemia virus antibodies

Validation according to OIE criteria of a monoclonal, recombinant p26–based, serologic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as screening method in surveillance programs for the detection of Equine infectious anemia virus antibodies

Evaluation of six serological ELISA kits available in Italy as screening tests for equine infectious anaemia surveillance

The efficacy of ELISA commercial kits for the screening of equine infectious anemia virus infection

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