Is an increase of glucocorticoid concentrations related to the degree of arousal or valence experienced by an animal to a stimulus?

Iyasere, Oluwaseun S.; Durosaro, Samuel O.; Oyeniran, Victor J.; Daramola, J. O.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106752

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…This study was subject to several limitations that may have influenced our results. Firstly, while cortisol is a widely used physiological indicator of an animal's response to a stressor(s), it is simply a measure of arousal, regardless of its emotional valence (i.e., physiologically, excitement and anxiety can both be viewed as forms of stress) [46]. Thus, we were unable to differentiate between the eustress and distress the animal experienced, despite our specific interest in distress and its relevance to the domestication syndrome hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploring the Domestication Syndrome Hypothesis in Dogs: Pigmentation Does Not Predict Cortisol Levels

Platzer,

Gunter,

Feuerbacher

2023

Animals

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Previous research has found connections between pigmentation, behavior, and the physiological stress response in both wild and domestic animals; however, to date, no extensive research has been devoted to answering these questions in domestic dogs. Modern dogs are exposed to a variety of stressors; one well-studied stressor is residing in an animal shelter. To explore the possible relationships between dogs’ responses to stress and their pigmentation, we conducted statistical analyses of the cortisol:creatinine ratios of 208 American shelter dogs as a function of their coat color/pattern, eumelanin pigmentation, or white spotting. These dogs had been enrolled in previous welfare studies investigating the effect of interventions during which they left the animal shelter and spent time with humans. In the current investigation, we visually phenotype dogs based on photographs in order to classify their pigmentation and then conduct post hoc analyses to examine whether they differentially experience stress as a function of pigmentation. We found that the dogs did not differ significantly in their urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios based on coat color/pattern, eumelanin pigmentation, or white spotting, either while they were residing in the animal shelter or during the human interaction intervention. These preliminary data suggest that pigmentation alone does not predict the stress responses of shelter dogs; however, due to the small sample size and retrospective nature of the study, more research is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploring the Domestication Syndrome Hypothesis in Dogs: Pigmentation Does Not Predict Cortisol Levels

Platzer,

Gunter,

Feuerbacher

2023

Animals

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“…Increased arousal can increase circulating corticosterone concentrations, also when animals experience a positively valenced emotion such as pleasure, excitement, and winning [76][77][78] . As the majority of research on environmental enrichments for broiler chickens is focused on fast-growing strains 79 , we recommend further research assessing slow-growing broilers' preferences for environmental enrichments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias in slow-growing broiler chickens raised in low- or high-complexity environments: using a social-pair testing approach

Lourenço-Silva

Ulans

Campbell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Impacts of environmental complexity on affective states in slow-growing broiler chickens are unknown. Chickens' performance in judgment bias tests (JBT) can be limited as they are tested individually, causing fear and anxiety. The objectives were to apply a social-pair JBT to assess the effect of environmental complexity on slow-growing broiler chickens` affective states, and assess the impact of personality and chronic stress on JBT performance. Six-hundred Hubbard Redbro broilers were housed in six low-complexity (similar to commercial) or six high-complexity (permanent and temporary enrichments) pens. Chicken pairs were trained (1 pair/pen) using a multimodal approach, with reward and neutral cues of opposing color and location. Three ambiguous cues were tested: near-positive, middle, and near-neutral cues. Approach and pecking behavior were recorded. Eighty-three percent of chickens (20/24) were successfully trained in 13 days. Personality and chronic stress did not impact chickens’ performance. Chickens successfully discriminated between cues. Low-complexity chickens approached the middle cue faster than high-complexity chickens, indicating that they were in a more positive affective state. The environmental complexity provided in this study did not improve affective states in slow-growing broiler chickens compared to a control. A social-pair JBT resulted in excellent learning and testing outcomes in slow-growing broilers.

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“…The use of less invasive means of assessing stress, such as infra-red thermography and heart rate monitors, serves as a refinement of the procedures for assessing animal welfare. Glucocorticoids are known to be stress hormones, but they have several limitations, some of which are the need to sample blood within a short time (<3 mins), handling the animal can trigger the release of glucocorticoids and an increase in glucocorticoids does not indicate whether the subject is experiencing a positive or negative valence ( 17 ). We hypothesized that hens would find the two separation types different and therefore display discomfort-related behaviors coupled with stress responses to the separation type that prevents them from having more contact with their chicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nigerian indigenous hens show more discomfort-related behavior with visual separation than physical separation from their chicks: An exploratory study

et al. 2022

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The Nigerian indigenous hens exhibit their full natural behavior repertoires, including maternal care. The strong maternal bond between the hen and her chicks is established prior to hatching. Maternal care of chickens is essential for both exotic and indigenous chickens. This study compared the behaviors of six hen-chick pairs in a physical (PHY) and visual (VIS) separation test for 10 min. All the six hen-chick pairs were subjected to PHY separation on the 8th day of post-hatch and a VIS separation on the 12th day of post-hatch. The PHY separation involved the use of a wire mesh to separate the hen from her chicks, while the VIS separation involved the use of a trampoline to separate the hen from her chicks. The hen's behavior was recorded during the 10-min separation period. Behaviors recorded included sitting, body shaking, pecking, movements toward the chicks, jumping, pacing, defecation, movements away from the chicks, and preening. We further grouped these nine behaviors into two categories: discomfort-related (pacing, movement toward chicks, body shaking, defecation, and jumping) and comfort-related (sitting, pecking, preening, and movement away from the chicks) behaviors. Before and after each separation, the hens were gently restrained, and a drop of blood was sampled from the wing vein to determine the blood glucose level. Their heart rate and eye temperature were also measured. A two-related samples test (Wilcoxon) was used to compare the behavior of the hens when subjected to the PHY and VIS separation. Eight out of the nine behaviors monitored did not differ between the separation types. However, the frequency of pacing by the hens was greater (z = −2.201, P = 0.028) in the VIS separation than in the PHY separation. Also, discomfort-related behavior was greater (t(5) = −2.717, P = 0.042) during the VIS separation than the PHY separation. Comfort-related behavior did not differ between the separation types. The change in eye temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose was similar in the two separation types. In conclusion, Nigerian indigenous hens displayed more discomfort-related behavior to the VIS separation from their chicks, but this was not associated with physiological responses indicative of stress.

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Is an increase of glucocorticoid concentrations related to the degree of arousal or valence experienced by an animal to a stimulus?

Cited by 4 publications

References 88 publications

Exploring the Domestication Syndrome Hypothesis in Dogs: Pigmentation Does Not Predict Cortisol Levels

Exploring the Domestication Syndrome Hypothesis in Dogs: Pigmentation Does Not Predict Cortisol Levels

Cognitive bias in slow-growing broiler chickens raised in low- or high-complexity environments: using a social-pair testing approach

Nigerian indigenous hens show more discomfort-related behavior with visual separation than physical separation from their chicks: An exploratory study

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