Is boldness towards predators related to growth rate in naïve captive-reared Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>)?

Laakkonen, Mika; Hirvonen, Heikki

doi:10.1139/f07-041

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the literature, both positive and negative associations, or no association at all have been found between growth rate ⁄ developmental time and boldness (e.g. Laakkonen & Hirvonen 2007;Biro & Post 2008;Heg, Schurch & Rothenberger 2011), which suggest that growth rate and boldness are not as tightly coupled as suggested (Adriaenssens & Johnsson 2008). Therefore, the association between boldness and immunity as well is likely highly dependent on the environment and resource availability (Koolhaas 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating behaviour with life history: boldness of the field cricket, Gryllus integer, during ontogeny

et al. 2011

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Summary1. According to a recent hypothesis, personality traits should form integrative pace-of-life syndromes with life-history traits. Potential life-history traits that explain personality variation are immune defence and growth rate. 2. We studied whether boldness, measured as hiding behaviour, is repeatable during ontogeny in the field cricket, Gryllus integer, and if it relates to the efficiency of immune function (i.e. the capacity to encapsulate a nylon implant), growth rate, developmental time and size as an adult. 3. Hiding behaviour was rank-order repeatable, and in general, juveniles were bolder than adults. Individuals that were cautious at early juvenile stages had higher encapsulation responses late in life compared with bold individuals. Most clearly, fast-growing individuals matured early and invested little in immune defence compared with their slower-growing conspecifics, i.e. showed patterns of a 'grow fast, die young' life-history strategy. 4. Our results may arise from a trade-off between immunity-dependent survival and bold behaviour. Trade-offs between investment in survival and behaviour could account for the maintenance of variation in personality traits by favouring certain combinations of behavioural and life-history strategies (i.e. pace-of-life-syndromes).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating behaviour with life history: boldness of the field cricket, Gryllus integer, during ontogeny

et al. 2011

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“…To fully address concerns about directional selection for specific BTs in domesticated populations, however, more studies are needed that adopt an individual level approach and compare BT distributions between hatchery and wild strains. Recent studies that have collected individual‐level data in hatcheries report wide behavioural variation among individuals, implying a reduced influence of directional selection with respect to behaviour (Laakkonen & Hirvonen, 2007; Conrad & Sih, 2009). These results may be mediated by relaxed rather than directional selection in captive environments, ultimately leading to increased variance in behavioural traits (McPhee, 2004).…”

Section: Implications For Fisheries Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural syndromes in fishes: a review with implications for ecology and fisheries management

Conrad

Weinersmith

Brodin

et al. 2011

Journal of Fish Biology

443

398

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This review examines the contribution of research on fishes to the growing field of behavioural syndromes. Current knowledge of behavioural syndromes in fishes is reviewed with respect to five main axes of animal personality: (1) shyness-boldness, (2) exploration-avoidance, (3) activity, (4) aggressiveness and (5) sociability. Compared with other taxa, research on fishes has played a leading role in describing the shy-bold personality axis and has made innovative contributions to the study of the sociability dimension by incorporating social network theory. Fishes are virtually the only major taxon in which behavioural correlations have been compared between populations. This research has guided the field in examining how variation in selection regime may shape personality. Recent research on fishes has also made important strides in understanding genetic and neuroendocrine bases for behavioural syndromes using approaches involving artificial selection, genetic mapping, candidate gene and functional genomics. This work has illustrated consistent individual variation in highly complex neuroendocrine and gene expression pathways. In contrast, relatively little work on fishes has examined the ontogenetic stability of behavioural syndromes or their fitness consequences. Finally, adopting a behavioural syndrome framework in fisheries management issues including artificial propagation, habitat restoration and invasive species, may promote restoration success. Few studies, however, have examined the ecological relevance of behavioural syndromes in the field. Knowledge of how behavioural syndromes play out in the wild will be crucial to incorporating such a framework into management practices.

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“…This was not observed in Takvatn and Fjellfrøsvatn in the same drainage system (Klemetsen et al, 2002a;Amundsen et al, 2008). Experimental studies have shown that burbot may induce antipredator behaviour in Arctic charr and juveniles of this species strongly avoid contact with burbot (Hirvonen et al, 2000;Laakkonen & Hirvonen, 2007). High predation rates may have induced a behavioural habitat shift of Arctic charr away from high risk habitats along the benthic zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Arctic charr in sympatry with burbot: ecological and evolutionary consequences

2010

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The trophic niche and parasite infection of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were explored in two lakes with sympatric burbot (Lota lota) and two lakes without burbot in subarctic Norway. The CPUE of burbot and charr were similar in one lake, but burbot had a low population density in the other. Burbot were benthivorous in both lakes. Other co-occurring species like brown trout (Salmo trutta), Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar), grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) were also benthivores. At high densities, benthivorous burbot forced the whole Arctic charr population to utilise mainly the limnetic trophic niche. In contrast, at low burbot density or without burbot present, Arctic charr were primarily benthivorous in the littoral zone. Thus, a clear interactive segregation in diet was observed between Arctic charr and burbot at high burbot densities. There was also a high predation pressure from burbot on young Arctic charr along the benthic zones. The extensive use of zooplankton as prey caused a high parasite infection pressure of copepod transmitted Diphyllobothrium spp. larvae, with the potential for high negative impact on the Arctic charr population. As the benthivore trophic niche was occupied by burbot, the ecological opportunities for polymorphism with benthivorous ecotypes or morphs of Arctic charr were probably prevented. Therefore, the sympatry with burbot seems to have large ecological and evolutionary consequences for this Arctic charr population compared with neighbouring lakes where burbot is absent.

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Is boldness towards predators related to growth rate in naïve captive-reared Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)?

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Integrating behaviour with life history: boldness of the field cricket, Gryllus integer, during ontogeny

Integrating behaviour with life history: boldness of the field cricket, Gryllus integer, during ontogeny

Behavioural syndromes in fishes: a review with implications for ecology and fisheries management

Arctic charr in sympatry with burbot: ecological and evolutionary consequences

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