Is chloride a conservative ion in forest ecosystems?

Svensson, Teresia; Lovett, Gary M.; Likens, Gene E.

doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9538-y

Cited by 94 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Chloride is widely used as a semi-conservative tracer (Shaw et al, 2008;Jin et al, 2011). We must caution against the uncritical use of chloride as a tracer as it is not conservative (Svensson et al, 2012). This may not be problematic when there are significant chloride inputs, but can lead to inappropriate conclusions when chloride is in short supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PERSiST: a flexible rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit for use with the INCA family of models

Bishop

Erlandsson

Butterfield³

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

100

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Abstract. Runoff generation processes and pathways vary widely between catchments. Credible simulations of solute and pollutant transport in surface waters are dependent on models which facilitate appropriate, catchment-specific representations of perceptual models of the runoff generation process. Here, we present a flexible, semi-distributed landscape-scale rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit suitable for simulating a broad range of user-specified perceptual models of runoff generation and stream flow occurring in different climatic regions and landscape types. PERSiST (the Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and Runoff Simulator for Solute Transport) is designed for simulating present-day hydrology; projecting possible future effects of climate or land use change on runoff and catchment water storage; and generating hydrologic inputs for the Integrated Catchments (INCA) family of models. PERSiST has limited data requirements and is calibrated using observed time series of precipitation, air temperature and runoff at one or more points in a river network. Here, we apply PERSiST to the river Thames in the UK and describe a Monte Carlo tool for model calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PERSiST: a flexible rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit for use with the INCA family of models

Bishop

Erlandsson

Butterfield³

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

100

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“…The concentration of Cl -has often been used as a conservative tracer for the calculation of water fluxes. However, Svensson et al (2012) found that on sites with low Cl -deposition, Cl -may not exhibit conservative behaviour, such as those located far inland away from marine influences. One mechanism suggested is related to vegetation dynamics, with Cl -sequestration resulting from increased biomass growth (Lovett et al 2005).…”

Section: Application Of Mina Trêsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Estimating water balance components of tropical wetland lakes in the Pantanal dry season, Brazil

Schwerdtfeger

Weiler

Johnson

et al. 2014

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Water balance studies with stable water isotopes have rarely been conducted in remote and tropical wetland areas. As such, little is known regarding the water balance and groundwater-surface water interaction in the Pantanal, one of the largest and most pristine wetlands in the world. We applied MINA TrêS, a water balance model utilizing stable water isotopes (δ 18 O, δ 2 H) and chloride (Cl -) to assess the dry-season hydrological processes controlling groundwater-surface water interactions and the water balance of six floodplain lakes in the northern Pantanal, Brazil. Qualitatively, all lakes exhibited similarity in hydrological controls. Quantitatively, they differed significantly due to morphological differences in controlling groundwater inflow and lake volume. Our approach is readily transferable to other remote and tropical wetland systems with minimal data input requirements, which is useful in regions with sparse hydrometric monitoring.Key words Pantanal; dry season; stable water isotopes; chloride; water balance; groundwater-surface water interactions Estimation des composantes du bilan hydrique en saison sèche des lacs des zones humides tropicales du Pantanal (Brésil) Résumé Les études sur le bilan hydrique utilisant des isotopes stables de l'eau ont rarement été menées dans les zones humides et tropicales reculées. En tant que tel, on connaît peu le bilan hydrique et les interactions entre eaux superficielles et souterraines dans le Pantanal, une des zones humides les plus importantes et les plus vierges du monde. Nous avons appliqué le modèle de bilan hydrique MINA Três, en utilisant des isotopes stables de l'eau (δ 18 O, δ 2 H) et les chlorures (Cl -), afin d'évaluer, en saison sèche, les processus hydrologiques contrôlant les interactions des eaux souterraines et superficielles et le bilan hydrologique de six lacs de la plaine d'inondation dans le Nord du Pantanal, au Brésil. Qualitativement, les contrôles hydrologiques de tous les lacs sont similaires. Quantitativement, ils diffèrent sensiblement en raison des différences morphologiques du contrôle de l'écoulement souterrain et du volume des lacs. Notre approche, qui ne demande que très peu de données, est facilement transférable à d'autres systèmes de zones humides tropicales reculées, ce qui est utile dans les régions où le suivi hydrométrique est rare.

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“…Chlorine compounds are highly soluble in water and mobile in soils, so transport of atmospherically derived Cl through terrestrial ecosystems is rapid and conservative if there is active hydrologic flow. Weathering and other internal sources of Cl are generally negligible compared to atmospheric deposition [34], and although some cycling of Cl has been observed in Swedish forest organic horizons [35], the effect of this on the full-profile or catchment input-output budgets appears limited [36]. The calculated water flux was then used to calculate solute fluxes through the soil profile.…”

Section: Water Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes in Adjacent Mature Norway Spruce and European Beech Forests

Oulehle

Růžek

Tahovská

et al. 2016

Forests

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Abstract:We compared two adjacent mature forest ecosystem types (spruce vs. beech) to unravel the fate of assimilated carbon (C) and the cycling of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) without the risk of the confounding influences of climatic and site differences when comparing different sites. The stock of C in biomass was higher (258 t·ha −1 ) in the older (150 years) beech stand compared to the younger (80 years) planted spruce stand (192 t·ha −1 ), whereas N biomass pools were comparable (1450 kg·ha −1 ). Significantly higher C and N soil pools were measured in the beech stand, both in forest floor and mineral soil. Cumulative annual CO 2 soil efflux was similar among stands, i.e., 9.87 t·ha −1 ·year −1 of C in the spruce stand and 9.01 t·ha −1 ·year −1 in the beech stand. Soil temperature explained 78% (Q 10 = 3.7) and 72% (Q 10 = 4.2) of variability in CO 2 soil efflux in the spruce and beech stand, respectively. However, the rather tight N cycle in the spruce stand prevented inorganic N losses, whereas losses were higher in the beech stand and were dominated by nitrate in the mineral soil. Our results highlighted the long-term consequences of forest management on C and N cycling.

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Is chloride a conservative ion in forest ecosystems?

Cited by 94 publications

References 50 publications

PERSiST: a flexible rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit for use with the INCA family of models

PERSiST: a flexible rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit for use with the INCA family of models

Estimating water balance components of tropical wetland lakes in the Pantanal dry season, Brazil

Carbon and Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes in Adjacent Mature Norway Spruce and European Beech Forests

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