Is Clostridium difficile infection an increasingly common severe disease in adult intensive care units? A 10-year experience

Bouza, Emilio; Rodríguez‐Créixems, Marta; Alcalá, Luís; Marı́n, Mercedes; Egea, Viviana de; Braojos, F.; Muñóz, Patricia; Reigadas, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.02.011

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…and infectious (C. difficile and other bacteria, viruses etc.). According to data from Europe and North America, reported incidence of HA CDI in ICU was in the range from 8.7 in Spain [29] to 53.9 cases per 10 000 patient days in US [30]. Our previous data demonstrated that ICU stay were significantly associated with HA CDI in surgical patients [4].…”

Section: Surgical Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare associated Clostridioides difficile infection in adult surgical and medical patients hospitalized in tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: a seven years prospective cohort study

Šuljagić

Milenković

Perić

et al. 2020

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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Introduction: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated (HA) infections in contemporary medicine. The risk factors (RFs) for HA CDI in medical and surgical patients are poorly investigated in countries with a limited resource healthcare system. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate differences in patients' characteristics, factors related to healthcare and outcomes associated with HA CDI in surgical and medical patients in tertiary healthcare centre in Serbia. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted including adult patients diagnosed with initial episode of HA CDI, first recurrence of disease, readmission to hospital, while deaths within 30 days of CDI diagnosis and in-hospital mortality were also recorded. Patients hospitalized for any non-surgical illness, who developed initial HA CDI were assigned to medical group, whereas those who developed initial HA CDI after surgical procedures were in surgical group. The data on patients' characteristics and factors related to healthcare were collected, too. Results: During 7-year period, from 553 patients undergoing in-hospital treatment and diagnosed with CDI, 268 (48.5%) and 285 (51.5%) were surgical and medical patients, respectively. Age ≥ 65 years, use of proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy and fluoroquinolones were positively associated with being in medical group, whereas admission to intensive care unit and use of second-and third-generation cephalosporins were positively associated with being in surgical group. Conclusions: Based on obtained results, including significant differences in 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality, it can be concluded that medical patient were more endangered with HA CDI than surgical ones.

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Section: Surgical Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare associated Clostridioides difficile infection in adult surgical and medical patients hospitalized in tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: a seven years prospective cohort study

Šuljagić

Milenković

Perić

et al. 2020

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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“…Some of these pathogens are resistant to multiple antibiotics and antibiotic combinations, making prevention and infection control measures even more essential for the management of these HCAIs. Many resistant pathogens such as C diff inhabit the intensive care unit (ICU) environment [20]. Ventilation-associated pneumonias are also very common in ICUs leading to mortality rates of 9%-70% [21].…”

Section: Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

Ilyas

Burbridge

Babyn

2019

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

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Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are a significant concern for both health care workers (HCWs) and patients. They are a major contributing factor of disease in industrialized countries, and are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and a direct annual financial loss of $6-7 billion in North America alone. They are an increasingly challenging health issue due to multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci among others, along with an increasing number of susceptible patients. Over the last three decades, the risk of HCAIs has increased in the radiology department (RD) in part because of an increased number of patients visiting the department and an increase in the utilization of imaging modalities. In this review, we will discuss how patients and staff can be exposed to HCAIs in the RD, including contaminated inanimate surfaces, radiology equipment, and associated medical devices. As the role of medical imaging has extended from primarily diagnosis to include more interventions, the implementation and development of standardized infection minimization protocols and infection control procedures are vital in the RD, particularly in interventional radiology. With globalisation and the rapid movement of people regionally, nationally, and globally, there is greater risk of exposure to contagious diseases such as Ebola, especially if infected patients are undiagnosed when they travel. For effective infection control, advanced training and education of HCWs in the RD is essential.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of HCAIs as related to activities of the RD. We will discuss the following major topics including the variety of HCAIs commonly encountered, the role of the RD in HCAIs, transmission of infections to patients and HCWs in the RD, standard infection prevention measures, and the management of susceptible/infected patients in the RD. We shall also examine the role of, and the preparedness of, HCWs, including RD technologists and interventional radiologists, who may be exposed to undiagnosed, yet infected patients. We shall conclude with a brief discussion of the role of further research related to HCAIs. Learning ObjectivesAfter the completion of this review article, the readers will Understand the exposure and role of radiology department in health care-associated infections, Know the causes/modes/transmission of infections in radiology department, Be conscious of standard disinfection protocols, Be aware of current and future strategies required for the effective control of health care-associated infection in the radiology department. This is a CME article and provides the equivalent of 2 hours of continuing education that may be applied to your professional development credit system. A 10-question multiple-choice quiz follows this reading. Please note that no formalized credit (category A) is available from CAMRT.

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“…22 Similarly, ICU patients in whom CDI was identified prior to ICU admission had more severe CDI, and mortality that was directly related to CDI was only observed in patients who had CDI identified pre-ICU transfer. 18 The increase in mortality observed in patients with sepsis in general with CDI may reflect similar factors. 24 We observed a trend of decreasing mortality in SS patients with or without CDI during 2007 to 2013 consistent to what has been generally reported in SS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…26 The finding that CDI in SS patients was not associated with an increase in mortality is consistent with other reports of CDI in ICU patients in general as well as higher-risk ICU populations such as patients requiring mechanical ventilation, including those on long-term mechanical ventilator support. 17,18,20,22,23 Why the mortality of ICU patients with CDI is not increased is not completely clear. It has been suggested that this may be related to early recognition and treatment of CDI developing in the ICU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends (2007‐2013) of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Septic Shock: Impact on Outcome

Chatterjee

Goyal

Chada

et al. 2017

Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Is Clostridium difficile infection an increasingly common severe disease in adult intensive care units? A 10-year experience

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Healthcare associated Clostridioides difficile infection in adult surgical and medical patients hospitalized in tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: a seven years prospective cohort study

Healthcare associated Clostridioides difficile infection in adult surgical and medical patients hospitalized in tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: a seven years prospective cohort study

Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

National Trends (2007‐2013) of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Septic Shock: Impact on Outcome

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