Is Continuous ECG Recording on Heart Rate Monitors the Most Expected Function by Endurance Athletes, Coaches, and Doctors?

Gajda, Robert

doi:10.3390/diagnostics10110867

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A different subset of smartphone products utilizes photoplethysmography through a phone camera and light to detect atrial fibrillation. Together, these products have created a paradigm shift in rhythm detection and monitoring [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart rate monitors used by athletes — from gadget to medical equipment. A decade of own observations

Gajda¹,

Gajda²,

Czuba

et al. 2021

Medical Research Journal

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Introduction: For many years, many athletes have reported to the Centre for Sports Cardiology in Pułtusk that during endurance training, mainly running and cycling, they found unexpected increases in heart rate (HR) values observed on sports heart rate monitors (HRMs), in the vast majority of cases without the accompanying clinical symptoms. The authors have attempted to answer the question of whether the "arrhythmia" observed on HRMs is a rhythm disturbance or a mere technical artefact. The aim of the study: This article aimed to summarize the authors' observations in the field of the usefulness of HRMs for the assessment of cardiac arrhythmias in the situation of introducing new technological solutions in the modernized and enriched ones with new functions HRMs. Material and methods: Over ten years, numerous studies have been carried out and the world literature has been also analysed many times, finally describing the authors' study results and observations in numerous types of English-language articles published between 2017 and 2021. In this review article, the authors focused only on their publications from the Centre for Sports Cardiology in Pułtusk on the issues of heart rhythm disturbances observed on HRMs by endurance athletes, and on publications in which researchers from CKS participated and the articles themselves were related with the use of HRMs. Only a few references have been cited from other sources. Conclusions: The HRMs used in the past years were not significant for the treatment of asymptomatic exercise-stimulated arrhythmias. These HRMs, however, in a symptomatic arrhythmia situation, became an effective diagnostic tool confirming its occurrence. The analysis of cases and literature shows that modern sports heart rate monitors used by athletes of endurance disciplines (especially with the possibility of ECG recording) are becoming a useful, important and more and more effective diagnostic tool in the detection and final diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias stimulated by exercise, both symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes and can significantly contribute to the increase of safety during training. It can be assumed that future HRMs will have comparable diagnostic value in detecting cardiac arrhythmias as the Holter ECG, surpassing them with the possibility of constant data transmission, ease of use and affordable price.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surveyed athletes, coaches, and physicians answered this question unequivocally [18]. OHRMs, provided that their indications are reliable, are preferred.…”

Section: Strap Hrms or Optical Hrm?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Heart rate monitors used by athletes — from gadget to medical equipment. A decade of own observations

Gajda¹,

Gajda²,

Czuba

et al. 2021

Medical Research Journal

Self Cite

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“…UM races have become increasingly popular in the last few years in many countries. The ability to run long distances have played a role in human evolution, which makes ultralong-distance physiology important [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Be a Champion of the 24-h Ultramarathon Race. If Not the Heart ... Mosaic Theory?

Gajda¹,

Samełko

Czuba

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This comprehensive case analysis aimed to identify the features enabling a runner to achieve championship in 24-h ultramarathon (UM) races. A 36-year-old, multiple medalist of the World Championships in 24-h running, was assessed before, one and 10 days after a 24-h run. Results of his extensive laboratory and cardiological diagnostics with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and a one-time cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) were analyzed. After 12 h of running (approximately 130 km), the athlete experienced an increasing pain in the right knee. His baseline clinical data were within the normal range. High physical efficiency in CPET (VO2max 63 mL/kg/min) was similar to the average achieved by other ultramarathoners who had significantly worse results. Thus, we also performed genetic tests and assessed his psychological profile, body composition, and markers of physical and mental stress (serotonin, cortisol, epinephrine, prolactin, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone). The athlete had a mtDNA haplogroup H (HV0a1 subgroup, belonging to the HV cluster), characteristic of athletes with the highest endurance. Psychological studies have shown high and very high intensity of the properties of individual scales of the tools used mental resilience (62–100% depending on the scale), openness to experience (10th sten), coherence (10th sten), positive perfectionism (100%) and overall hope for success score (10th sten). The athlete himself considers the commitment and mental support of his team to be a significant factor of his success. Body composition assessment (%fat 13.9) and the level of stress markers were unremarkable. The tested athlete showed a number of features of the champions of ultramarathon runs, such as: inborn predispositions, mental traits, level of training, and resistance to pain. However, none of these features are reserved exclusively for “champions”. Team support’s participation cannot be underestimated. The factors that guarantee the success of this elite 24-h UM runner go far beyond physiological and psychological explanations. Further studies are needed to identify individual elements of the putative “mosaic theory of being a champion”.

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“…These data can then be utilized to optimize the training effects or to detect early signs of overtraining characterized, among others, by decreased maximal HR and prolonged HR recovery [ 70 ]. Finally, both overtraining and pathological heart conditions may manifest as supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias during exercise or at rest detected by various ECG monitoring tools, which have been continuously adapted to the sporting environment [ 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Short-Term and Ultra-Short Term Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Time-Domain Heart Rate Variability Parameters during Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Stimulation in Elite Modern Pentathlonists—A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Monitoring of markers reflecting cardiac autonomic activity before and during stressful situations may be useful for identifying the physiological state of an athlete and may have medical or performance implications. The study aimed to determine group and individual changes in short-term (5 min) and ultra-short-term (1 min) heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RespRate), and time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters during sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSa) stimulation among professional endurance athletes. Electrocardiographic recordings were performed in stable measurement conditions (Baseline) and during SNSa stimulation via isometric handgrip in 12 elite modern pentathlonists. Significant increases in short-term HR and decreases in time-domain HRV parameters with no changes in RespRate were observed during SNSa stimulation. Significant differences were observed between Baseline (all minutes) and the last (i.e., 5th) minute of SNSa stimulation for ultra-short-term parameters. Analysis of intra-individual changes revealed some heterogeneity in responses. The study provides baseline responses of HR, RespRate, and time-domain HRV parameters to SNSa stimulation among elite pentathlonists, which may be useful for identifying abnormal responses among fatigued or injured (e.g., concussed) athletes. More attention to individual analysis seems to be necessary when assessing physiological responses to sympathetic stimuli in professional endurance athletes.

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Is Continuous ECG Recording on Heart Rate Monitors the Most Expected Function by Endurance Athletes, Coaches, and Doctors?

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Heart rate monitors used by athletes — from gadget to medical equipment. A decade of own observations

Heart rate monitors used by athletes — from gadget to medical equipment. A decade of own observations

To Be a Champion of the 24-h Ultramarathon Race. If Not the Heart ... Mosaic Theory?

Changes in Short-Term and Ultra-Short Term Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Time-Domain Heart Rate Variability Parameters during Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Stimulation in Elite Modern Pentathlonists—A Pilot Study

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