Is deer herbivory directly proportional to deer population density? Comparison of deer feeding frequencies among six forests with different deer density

Koda, Ryosuke; Fujita, Noboru

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.009

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Management, therefore, is based on subjective perceptions of abundance, deer condition, or on impact levels (e.g., Morellet et al 2007, Mysterud et al 2010. However, as impacts are context-dependent and nonlinearly related to densities (Koda and Fujita 2011, Putman et al 2011, their assessment does not translate readily into cull targets. When deer numbers are unknown, reducing impacts may require progressive increases in the annual numbers killed and is further hindered by slow ecosystem recovery (e.g., Tanentzap et al 2009Tanentzap et al , 2011.…”

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confidence: 99%

Achieving landscape‐scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks

2013

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Hyper-herbivory following predator removal is a global issue. Across North America and Europe, increasing deer numbers are affecting biodiversity and human epidemiology, but effectiveness of deer management in heterogeneous landscapes remains poorly understood. In forest habitats in Europe, deer numbers are rarely assessed and management is mainly based on impacts. Even where managed areas achieve stable or improving impact levels, the extent to which they act as sinks or persist as sources exporting deer to the wider landscape remains unknown. We present a framework to quantify effectiveness of deer management at the landscape scale. Applied across 234 km 2 of Eastern England, we assessed management of invasive Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and native roe (Capreolus capreolus), measuring deer density (using thermal imaging distance transects 780 km/year), fertility, neonatal survival, and culling to quantify source-sink dynamics over 2008-2010. Despite management that removed 23-40% of the annual population, 1,287 (95% CI: 289-2,680) muntjac and 585 (454-1,533) roe deer dispersed annually into the wider landscape, consistent with their ongoing range expansion. For roe deer, culled individuals comprised fewer young deer than predicted by a Leslie matrix model assuming a closed population, consistent with agedependent emigration. In this landscape, for roe and muntjac, an annual cull of at least 60% and 53%, respectively, is required to offset annual production. Failure to quantify deer numbers and productivity has allowed high density populations to persist as regional sources contributing to range expansion, despite deliberative management programs, and without recognition by managers who considered numbers and impacts to be stable. Reversing an unfavorable condition of woodland biodiversity requires appropriate culls across large contiguous areas, supported by knowledge of deer numbers and fertility. ß 2013 The Wildlife Society.

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confidence: 99%

Achieving landscape‐scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks

2013

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“…Meanwhile, Lampretch (1990) reported an average of 72 000 Nha -1 for Venezuelan cloud forests seedlings (0.3-1.5 m tall) and for saplings (1.3 m tall to DBH<10cm) reported 4900 Nha -1 . The lower regeneration found on Isla del Coco can be explained by the homogeneity, the appearance of predators, little ability to persist under shade, litter and soil disturbance and effects of herbivory (Lampretch, 1990;Nascimento, & Proctor, 1997;Koda, & Fujita, 2011). Sacoglottis holdridgei reported low regeneration values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inverted J model has been reported as an indicator of population status (Lampretch, 1990;Koda, & Fujita, 2011). An important aspect to highlight in S. holdridgei is that, from the low saplings to larger diameter classes, the population curve for abundance tends to be coupled to the inverted J model observed for the forest (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative effects of animals in the forest are fully demonstrated. For example, deers affect regeneration by foraging limiting its development, affecting the composition, structure and successional forest development (Green et al, 1997;Gill, & Beardall, 2001;O'Dowd et al, 2003;Rooney, & Waller, 2003;Knight, Caswell, & Kalisz, 2009;Takatsuki, & Ito, 2009;Koda, & Fujita, 2011;Shelton, Henning, Schultz, & Clay, 2014). Also, it has been demonstrated that a preference for palatability of certain plant species exists (Takatsuki, & Ito, 2009;Koda, & Fujita, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population status of the tree Sacoglottis holdridgei (Humiriaceae) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

Acosta-Vargas

2016

RBT

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Isla del Coco is the only oceanic island in the Eastern Pacific with humid tropical climate. Its forests have a particular structure with a unique array of plant species and high endemism. There are few studies on the flora or forest monitoring on the island. The population structure of Sacoglottis holdridgei was analyzed using data from six years with data points taken in 2006 and 2012, including sampling of regeneration in 2012. Sacoglottis holdridgei was the most important tree species, presenting in 2012 the highest Importance Value Index (190.7±21.8), abundance (158.5±40.3 Nha -1 or 39.5 % of the forest) and basal area (15.6 m 2 ha -1 or 72.9 % of the forest). It was present in all three height strata with dominance in the highest. Annual mortality was reported at 3.3 % and recruitment at 1.2 %. The diameter distribution of forest fits the inverted J model, but not for the reported species of which only S. holdridgei tends to adjust for DBH>40 cm. Regeneration fitted the inverted J model with values below those reported for continental forests. Even though it was the dominant species, S. holdridgei showed low regeneration values. This particular condition, give way hypotheses related to the introduction of species, species biology and climate change which could influence the future development of S. holdridgei and forests of Isla del Coco. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (Suppl. 1): S263-S275. Epub 2016 Febrary 01.

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“…Debarking was shown to depend on the size of trees (e.g., Nagaike and Hayashi 2003;Koda and Fujita 2011;Borkowski and Ukalski 2012), their species (e.g., Kay 1993;Akashi and Nakashizuka 1999;Moore et al 1999;Takeuchi et al 2011), proportion of coniferous stands (Ligot et al 2013), the distance from forest road (McLaren et al 2000), and snow depth (Iijima and Nagaike 2015). In addition to these factors, spatial variation of deer impact was observed in lower elevation forests: the higher the deer density, the higher the proportion of debarked trees (Iijima and Nagaike 2015) and browsed saplings (Akashi et al 2011) and the lower the sapling density (Beguin et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptible conditions for debarking by deer in subalpine coniferous forests in central Japan

Iijima

Nagaike

2015

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Recently, deer have expanded their distribution to higher altitude ranges including subalpine forests. However, culling deer and construction of deer fence in subalpine forests are difficult because of steep slopes and complex topography. Thus it is necessary to clarify the factors which are associated with debarking by deer for the effective protection of subalpine forests. In this study, we examined which factors are associated with debarking by sika deer (Cervus nippon) in subalpine coniferous forests. Methods: We conducted our survey in Minami-Alps National Park, central Japan. We established 24 10 m × 40 m plots and surveyed the occurrence of debarking on saplings >30 cm in height and <3 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) and on trees >3 cm in DBH, as well as sapling density within each plot. Minimum distances to nearest grassland of plots were calculated (tentatively assuming grassland would attract deer and would cause high debarking pressure in the surrounding subalpine forests).

show abstract

Is deer herbivory directly proportional to deer population density? Comparison of deer feeding frequencies among six forests with different deer density

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Achieving landscape‐scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks

Achieving landscape‐scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks

Population status of the tree Sacoglottis holdridgei (Humiriaceae) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

Susceptible conditions for debarking by deer in subalpine coniferous forests in central Japan

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