Is Dental Phobia a Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia?

Houtem, C.M.H.H. van; Aartman, I.H.A.; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Ligthart, Lannie; Visscher, Corine M.; Jongh, Ad de

doi:10.1002/da.22168

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Dental anxiety was evaluated using the validated Hebrew version 45-48 of Corah's DAS 11,12 . In the DAS questionnaire, participants score their level of anxiety regarding four dental scenarios using a 5-point scale (total score range: [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The DAS is a reliable and valid instrument, and the most extensively studied dental fear scale among adults 11,37,49 .…”

Section: Corah's Dasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic profile, Oral Health Impact Profile and Dental Anxiety Scale in patients with chronic periodontitis: a case–control study

Levin

Zini

Levine

et al. 2018

International Dental Journal

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Compared with controls, patients with chronic periodontitis had higher levels of dental anxiety and worse OHRQoL. It is important to consider dental anxiety and OHRQoL assessment as an integral component of the evaluation of patients with chronic periodontitis. Communication between dental and behavioral health professionals is needed to implement a multidisciplinary team approach involving behavioural and psychological interventions.

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Section: Corah's Dasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic profile, Oral Health Impact Profile and Dental Anxiety Scale in patients with chronic periodontitis: a case–control study

Levin

Zini

Levine

et al. 2018

International Dental Journal

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“…AS is associated with avoidance of preventive dental care, which can lead to poor oral health and increased risk of the development and maintenance of chronic medical conditions that are associated with oral disease, such as cardiovascular disease (Weiner, ). AS is associated with the presence of dental phobia (Kılıç, Ak, & Ak, ), and dental phobic individuals tend to visit the dentist less than once a year, which is below the clinical recommendation for adequate preventive dental care (van Houtem et al., ). Individuals with high AS may avoid dental care because they fear the possibility of experiencing anxiety‐related sensations or other types of unpleasant somatic sensations, such as pain, during dental procedures.…”

Section: Avoidance Of Healthy Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does anxiety sensitivity increase risk of chronic medical conditions?

Horenstein

Potter

Heimberg

2018

Clin Psychol Sci Pract

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Anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of anxiety‐related symptoms) is an established transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric disorders and is related to a variety of chronic medical conditions. However, AS has not been established as a risk factor for chronic medical conditions. In this study, we review studies on AS and chronic medical conditions (and symptoms/behaviors related to chronic medical conditions) and propose four pathways through which AS may increase risk of chronic medical conditions: (a) increasing fear of medical condition‐specific symptoms, (b) perpetuating avoidance of healthy activities, (c) promoting engagement in unhealthy behaviors, and (d) increasing risk of detrimental pathophysiological and pathomechanical alterations. We also discuss the potential utility of using AS reduction interventions as a means of reducing risk of chronic medical conditions.

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“…In support of this observation, Seligman (1971) found that human fears and phobias are not randomly distributed in the population, thus suggesting the presence of specific underlying mechanisms for fear development. Dental phobia is of particular interest in this regard as it is one of the most prevalent phobias and should be considered as a specific phobia (van Houtem et al, 2013). It is a remarkably severe condition with protracted duration and resistancy to treatment (Agras et al, 1969; Fiset et al, 1989; Ost, 1989, 1997; Oosterink et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal painâ€”Unequal fear response: enhanced susceptibility of tooth pain to fear conditioning

Meier

Matos

Brügger

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Experimental fear conditioning in humans is widely used as a model to investigate the neural basis of fear learning and to unravel the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. It has been observed that fear conditioning depends on stimulus salience and subject vulnerability to fear. It is further known that the prevalence of dental-related fear and phobia is exceedingly high in the population. Dental phobia is unique as no other body part is associated with a specific phobia. Therefore, we hypothesized that painful dental stimuli exhibit an enhanced susceptibility to fear conditioning when comparing to equal perceived stimuli applied to other body sites. Differential susceptibility to pain-related fear was investigated by analyzing responses to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) applied to the right maxillary canine (UCS-c) vs. the right tibia (UCS-t). For fear conditioning, UCS-c and USC-t consisted of painful electric stimuli, carefully matched at both application sites for equal intensity and quality perception. UCSs were paired to simple geometrical forms which served as conditioned stimuli (CS+). Unpaired CS+ were presented for eliciting and analyzing conditioned fear responses. Outcome parameter were (1) skin conductance changes and (2) time-dependent brain activity (BOLD responses) in fear-related brain regions such as the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. A preferential susceptibility of dental pain to fear conditioning was observed, reflected by heightened skin conductance responses and enhanced time-dependent brain activity (BOLD responses) in the fear network. For the first time, this study demonstrates fear-related neurobiological mechanisms that point toward a superior conditionability of tooth pain. Beside traumatic dental experiences our results offer novel evidence that might explain the high prevalence of dental-related fears in the population.

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Is Dental Phobia a Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia?

Abstract: The present findings converge to the conclusion that dental phobia should be considered a specific phobia subtype independent of the B-I-I cluster within the DSM classification system.

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Demographic profile, Oral Health Impact Profile and Dental Anxiety Scale in patients with chronic periodontitis: a case–control study

Demographic profile, Oral Health Impact Profile and Dental Anxiety Scale in patients with chronic periodontitis: a case–control study

How does anxiety sensitivity increase risk of chronic medical conditions?

Equal painâ€”Unequal fear response: enhanced susceptibility of tooth pain to fear conditioning

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