Is educational level associated with breast cancer risk in Iranian women?

Hajian‐Tilaki, Karimollah; Kaveh-Ahangar, T.; Hajian-Tilaki, Erfaneh

doi:10.1007/s12282-011-0273-6

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, in Japan, social advances and college attendance have only become more common for women in recent years, and thus education level may not correlate well with social status and an unwed state. Instead, more highly educated women are more likely to be involved in preventive health behavior such as exercise, non-smoking, no alcohol intake and avoidance of obesity, compared to women with less education, and some studies have associated a higher education level with a decreased breast cancer risk [29,30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Japanese women

et al. 2013

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BackgroundLifestyle factors, including food and nutrition, physical activity, body composition and reproductive factors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk, but few studies of these factors have been performed in the Japanese population. Thus, the goals of this study were to validate the association between reported SNPs and breast cancer risk in the Japanese population and to evaluate the effects of SNP genotypes and lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk.MethodsA case–control study in 472 patients and 464 controls was conducted from December 2010 to November 2011. Lifestyle was examined using a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 16 breast cancer-associated SNPs based on previous GWAS or candidate-gene association studies. Age or multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from logistic regression analyses.ResultsHigh BMI and current or former smoking were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk, while intake of meat, mushrooms, yellow and green vegetables, coffee, and green tea, current leisure-time exercise, and education were significantly associated with a decreased risk. Three SNPs were significantly associated with a breast cancer risk in multivariate analysis: rs2046210 (per allele OR = 1.37 [95% CI: 1.11-1.70]), rs3757318 (OR = 1.33[1.05-1.69]), and rs3803662 (OR = 1.28 [1.07-1.55]). In 2046210 risk allele carriers, leisure-time exercise was associated with a significantly decreased risk for breast cancer, whereas current smoking and high BMI were associated with a significantly decreased risk in non-risk allele carriers.ConclusionIn Japanese women, rs2046210 and 3757318 located near the ESR1 gene are associated with a risk of breast cancer, as in other Asian women. However, our findings suggest that exercise can decrease this risk in allele carriers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Japanese women

et al. 2013

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“…This association is controversial because some studies attribute a high educational level to high risk of BC [27], while others present the opposite [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with breast cancer in Puerto Rican women

Morales¹,

Alvarez-Garriga²,

Matta³

et al. 2013

JEGH

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Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer afflicting Puerto Rican women and accounts for more cancer-related deaths in this population than any other cancer. Methods Demographic, anthropometric, family history, and lifestyle data, as well as DNA repair capacity (DRC), were compared in 465 BC cases and 661 controls. Crude and multiple logistic regression-derived adjusted odds ratios were used as indicators of the associations between BC and the variables under study. Results A low DRC level, aging (> 61 years), family history of BC, and low education level had statistically significant associations with increased BC risk. Endometriosis, full-term pregnancy at an earlier age, higher parity, hysterectomy before age 50, multivitamin and calcium intake, and longer duration of breastfeeding significantly decreased BC risk. Conclusions This study discusses the major risk factors for BC in Puerto Rico (PR). Because many of these findings represent modifiable risk factors, they can translate into public health initiatives to lower BC risk. In addition, the possibility of using DRC as a simple screening tool for BC risk is explored.

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“…Our data also indicate that the level of knowledge should be raised especially in lower social and educational conditions. It is likely that increase of educational level followed by awareness about cancer can lead to early detection and treatment of the disease (Hussain et al, 2008;Hajian et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Breast Cancer Registry Program in Patients Referred to the Cancer Institute of Iran

Sabokbar

Khajeh²,

Taghdiri³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Introduction: Annually a considerable number of people die because of breast cancer, a common disease among women also in Iran. Identifying risk factors and susceptible people can lead to prevention or at least early diagnosis. Among susceptibility risks, 5-10% of patients have a family history predisposing factor which can influence the risk of incidence among the family. Having a registry program can be a more practical way to screen high risk families for preventive planning. Method: Based on inclusion criteria, a questionnaire was prepared and after a pilot study on a small number of patients, actual data were collected on 400 patients and processed in SPSS 16.0. Results: Totally, 28.2%of the patients were younger than 40 years old and 36.8% had the included criteria for familial breast cancer (FBC). 102 patient's samples could be compared for receptor presentation. Similar to other studies, the number of triple negative breast cancers increased as the age decreased. Conclusion: The high percentage of patients with FBC among 400 cases in this study demonstrates that in order to design an infrastructural diagnostic protocol and screening of patients with FBC, a precise survey related to frequency and founder mutations of FBC is needed nationwide.

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Is educational level associated with breast cancer risk in Iranian women?

Abstract: The inverse association of educational level with breast cancer risk observed in this study is not in accordance with education inequalities found in breast cancer risk in Western countries. The present findings provide a rationale for earlier screening in Iranian women with low education.

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Japanese women

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case–control study in Japanese women

Factors associated with breast cancer in Puerto Rican women

Familial Breast Cancer Registry Program in Patients Referred to the Cancer Institute of Iran

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