Is epicardial fat tissue a marker of metabolic syndrome in obese children?

Mazur, Artur; Ostański, Mariusz; Telega, Grzegorz; Małecka-Tendera, Ewa

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.036

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding can be due to the fact that epicardial fat can be a source of inflammation, which might increase the risk of cardiac ischemia. Unlike the results reported by Mazur et al (26), in our study, we found a significant difference in EATT between obese children with and without MS. We were not able to find other comparable studies in obese children with MS, but in adults. Okyay et al (28) reported a close relationship between EATT and MS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Increased thickness of epicardial tissue was also reported in growth hormone-deficient adolescents who had increased BMI and WC values (25). Mazur et al (26) reported a close relationship of EATT with BMI and WC in obese children. We did not find other publications on EATT in children in the available literature, and data on such a correlation in adults are not consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Relationship of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Early Indicators of Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Functional Changes in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome

Akyol

Boyraz²,

Aysoy³

2013

JCRPE

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Objective: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) is suggested as a new cardiometabolic risk factor. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a potential indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). We investigated the association of EATT with carotid IMT and cardiac functional changes in obese adolescents with MS.Methods: One hundred thirty-eight obese adolescents and 63 lean subjects were enrolled in the study. The obese subjects were divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of MS (MS group and non-MS group). All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination for determination of left ventricular (LV) function, LV mass index (LVMI), and myocardial performance index (MPI). EATT and carotid IMT were also measured during echocardiography.Results: The average LVMI measurements were higher in both MS and non-MS obese patients in comparison with the lean children. The MS group had significantly higher LVMI measurements than the non-MS and lean groups (88.5±23.0, 67.5±24.8 g/m2, and 62.4±18.2 g/m2, respectively; p<0.01). Carotid IMT was higher in both the MS and non-MS obese patients in comparison with the lean group. The MS group had significantly higher carotid IMT measurements than the non-MS and lean groups (0.91±0.23, 0.78±0.18, and 0.52±0.08 mm, respectively; p<0.01). The EATT was also increased significantly in patients with MS compared to lean adolescents (7.42±1.55 vs. 4.28±0.79mm; p=0.001). EATT was positively correlated with body mass index-SDS, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, triglyceride levels, LV thickness, LVMI, and MPI in the MS obese group. EATT was the only independent predictor of carotid IMT in the multivariate analysis (β= 0.69, p<0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate a close relationship of EATT with carotid IMT and early cardiac dysfunction in obese adolescents with MS. Assessment of EATT and carotid IMT in routine echocardiographic examinations is suggested as a feasible and reliable method for the evaluation of obesity with MS and its related cardiovascular risks in children and adolescents. Conflict of interest:None declared.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Early Indicators of Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Functional Changes in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome

Akyol

Boyraz²,

Aysoy³

2013

JCRPE

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“…Despite Mazur et al [46] stating in 2010 that EAT is not an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents and that the prognostic value of this tissue may differ comparative to the adult population, cross-sectional epidemiological imaging data using echocardiography demonstrates a clear direct relationship between EAT and CVD risk. In obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome EAT thickness (EATT) was raised and positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, HOMA-IR, carotid IMT and a range of parameters of cardiac dysfunction including left ventricular mass and myocardial performance index [47].…”

Section: Excess Cardiac and Vascular Adiposity And Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 98%

‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

Aldiss

Davies

Woods

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiology

121

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Excess visceral adiposity, in particular that located adjacent to the heart and coronary arteries is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the pathophysiological state, dysfunctional adipose tissue secretes an array of factors modulating vascular function and driving atherogenesis. Conversely, brown and beige adipose tissues utilise glucose and lipids to generate heat and are associated with improved cardiometabolic health. The cardiac and thoracic perivascular adipose tissues are now understood to be composed of brown adipose tissue in the healthy state and undergo a brown-to-white transition i.e. during obesity which may be a driving factor of cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the risks of excess cardiac and vascular adiposity and potential mechanisms by which restoring the brown phenotype i.e. “re-browning” could potentially be achieved in clinically relevant populations.

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“…When deregulated, EAT may play adverse paracrine roles in cardiac arrhythmias and lipotoxic cardiomyopathies (59) as well as invade the outer region of the adventia in the vascular wall (69). The amount of EAT correlates with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (51), and carotid stiffness in hypertensive obese patients (55), contributing to cardiovascular disease (83). Moreover, EAT thickness reflects intra-abdominal visceral (32,33) and intramyocardial lipid content (49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes

Burgeiro

Fuhrmann

Cherian

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 310: E550 -E564, 2016. First published January 26, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2015.-Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease is a leading complication of diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue surrounding the heart displays biochemical, thermogenic, and cardioprotective properties. However, the metabolic cross-talk between epicardial fat and the myocardium is largely unknown. This study sought to understand epicardial adipose tissue metabolism from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. We aimed to unravel possible differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between human epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in heart failure. Insulin-stimulated [14 C]glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured in isolated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes. In addition, epicardial and subcutaneous fatty acid composition was analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The difference between basal and insulin conditions in glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P ϭ 0.006) in epicardial compared with subcutaneous adipocytes. Moreover, a significant (P Ͻ 0.001) decrease in the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also observed when the two fat depots were compared, and it was strongly correlated with lipolysis, lipid storage, and inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of these tissues was significantly altered by diabetes. These results emphasize potential metabolic differences between both fat depots in the presence of heart failure and highlight epicardial fat as a possible therapeutic target in situ in the cardiac microenvironment.

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Is epicardial fat tissue a marker of metabolic syndrome in obese children?

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Relationship of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Early Indicators of Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Functional Changes in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome

Relationship of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Early Indicators of Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Functional Changes in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome

‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes

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