Is Expressed Emotion an Index of a Transactional Process? I. Parents' Affective Style

Abstract

The degree to which expressed emotion (EE) attitudes in key relatives reflect ongoing transactional processes in families is a topic of controversy. The associations between EE attitudes, as measured during an acute hospitalization (using the Camberwell Family Interview) and during the aftercare period (using 5-minute speech samples), and interactional behavior in parents of recent-onset schizophrenics (this article) and in patients themselves (second article), were investigated. In the first study, EE attitudes manifested by parents during the aftercare period were stronger correlates of their interactional behaviors during the aftercare period than were EE attitudes measured during the inpatient period, despite the frequent correspondence between the two EE measures. The pattern of attitudes shown between the inpatient and outpatient periods also predicted transactional styles in parents during the outpatient period, findings not accounted for by clinical attributes of patients. When high-EE attitudes persist during the aftercare period and are reflected in transactional behaviors, the risk for subsequent patient relapse may be enhanced.

Psychosocial factors associated with cardiovascular reactivity in older adults.

“…They were told not to ask questions or to interrupt themselves within the 5-minute period. The speeches were audiotaped, coded, and scored using guidelines from the Five-Minute Speech Sample (63).…”

“…An FMSS was rated as high-EE Emotional Overinvolvement (EOI) if the respondent displayed excessive overprotective behavior and/or cried during the interview. Speeches were rated as low-EE if high EE criteria were absent (61)(62)(63). The FMSS has adequate test-retest stability (60).…”

Expressed Emotion and Projective Identification: A Bridge between Psychiatric and Psychoanalytic Concepts?

“…Concerning the type of interaction berween patient and his relatives, Leff (1988), among others (Miklowitz et al, 1989;Strachau et al, 1989;Birchw(X)d & Tarrier, 1992;etc. ), stated that linear models are rather simplistic, whereas circular models are more appropriate to understand EE.…”

Research Note: The Test‐Re test Stability of the Five Minute Speech Sample in Parents of Disadvantaged, Minority Children

“…A thorough discussion of this issue is beyond the scope of this research note. Concurrent and predictive validity of the CFI have been established (Hooley, Orley & Teasdale, 1986;Miklowitz, Goldstein, Falloon & Doane, 1984;Miklowitz et al, 1989). Concurrent validity of the FMSS has been demonstrated in relation to the CFI (Leeb et aL, 1991;Magaiia et al, 1986) and to other measures of hostile parent-child interactions (McGuire & Earls, 1993b), suggesting that it is able to i d e n q critical and other negative aspects of the parent-child relationship.…”