Is frequency of tooth brushing a risk factor for periodontitis? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

There are relatively few studies evaluating the association between tooth brushing frequency and periodontitis. A clear effect was observed, indicating that infrequent tooth brushing was associated with severe forms of periodontal disease. Further epidemiological studies are needed to precisely estimate the effect of key risk factors for periodontitis and their interaction effects.

Estimating tooth retention by the number of present teeth in a middle-old-aged population: 3-year follow-up study in Korea

“…Both sociodemographic factors, such as age, sex, marital status and cohabitation status, 12,13 as well as socioeconomic factors, such as educational level and income level, 14,15 have been associated with tooth loss. Poor lifestyle habits, 16 including smoking and drinking, and poor oral health behavior (e.g., improper tooth brushing, lack of deep cleaning and lack of dental checkups) 17 have also been associated with tooth loss. However, recently, the paradigm has shifted from identifying risk factors of disease to investigating disease-prevention factors.…”

“…However, recently, the paradigm has shifted from identifying risk factors of disease to investigating disease-prevention factors. [16][17][18][19] Evidence has accumulated showing that prevention factors could help healthy people retain a healthy status. 20,21 From the perspective of oral health, it is important to investigate the factors preventing tooth loss.…”

Design and content validation of the Oral Hygiene Habits Scale.

“…It also recommends the use of mouthwash as part of routine hygiene habits, and changing toothbrush every four months or sooner 8,9 . The effectiveness of dental cleaning correlates with brushing time and not with the use of toothpaste [10][11][12] .…”

“…Educational interventions aimed at controlling plaque and improving oral health often have only a shortterm effect. Flossing after brushing and not before, and a positive attitude promote better oral hygiene habits [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Periodontal health and disease in two adult populations in Sweden

“…The individual's ability to adapt to this high level of hygiene is essential in order to be able to control the disease. The presence of plaque is a weak predictor of severe periodontitis at the population level (99). This means that on the population level, most individuals do not achieve the level of oral hygiene needed to control the disease in highly sensitive individuals.…”