Is glaucoma an autoimmune disease?

Wakefield, Denis; Wildner, Gerhild

doi:10.1002/cti2.1180

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They showed that glaucomatous eyes had a reduced blood flow and vessel density in the optic nerve head compared to control eyes. Additionally, Wang, et al, [38] showed that OCTA measurements correlate with visual field measurements, indicating that OCTA provides a direct route to assessing retinal perfusion. Thus, measurement of RVP and use of OCTA look to be valuable tools in assessing retinal health in glaucoma.…”

Section: American Journal Of Biomedical Science and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemia from Retinal Vascular Hypertension in Normal Tension Glaucoma: Neuroprotective Role of Folate

Ayoub

2023

AJBSR

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Normal tension glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma among people of Asian countries. While treatment to lower pressure in normal tension glaucoma is the standard of care, this is universally acknowledged as insufficient to the task. Recent evidence implicates ischemia and oxidative stress as key stressors of the optic nerve in normal tension glaucoma. Addressing ischemia and oxidative stress have been recommended as neuroprotective strategies. Elevated retinal venous pressure is found in normal tension glaucoma, and this venous hypertension is not adequately addressed with current medications. It increases resistance and reduces perfusion resulting in oxidative stress and localized ischemia. Elevated RVP appears to also be a factor in small vessel ischemia in diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.The cause of elevated retinal venous pressure is small vessel endotheliopathy. Endotheliopathic damage may be caused by derangement of methylation and B-vitamin metabolism, resulting in altered microcirculation. This metabolic derangement may be due to either dietary inadequacies, malabsorption, or genetic polymorphisms of the methylation pathways. Restoration of folate and B-12 plasma levels may be accomplished with supplementation using natural forms of these vitamins, specifically L-methylfolate and methylcobalamin. Use of oxidized folate (folic acid) penetrates the blood retinal barrier only after enzymatic converstion of the folic acid to methylfolate. Since there is a limited capacity for folic acid conversion, excess folic acid remains unmetabolized and impedes methylfolate absorption into the retina. Thus, successful nutritional supplementation must employ methylfolate and not folic acid. Such nutritional approaches are valuable adjuncts to standard ophthalmologic treatment, lowering retinal venous pressure and improving perfusion. Improved supply of micronutrients has implications for management of ischemic optic neuropathies, including normal tension glaucoma, nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, and diabetic optic neuropathy and retinopathy.

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Section: American Journal Of Biomedical Science and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemia from Retinal Vascular Hypertension in Normal Tension Glaucoma: Neuroprotective Role of Folate

Ayoub

2023

AJBSR

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“…Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Adults With Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea Glaucoma exhibits a pathogenic pathway involving RGC loss, optic nerve damage, and corresponding visual field defects, but the underlying mechanisms of glaucomatous neuronal damage are not clear. 47 Evidence that glaucoma is an autoimmune disease is steadily growing, 48 including the discovery of an IgG autoantibody in human glaucomatous retina, and autoantibodies and T-cell responses to HSP detected in some patients with glaucoma. [49][50][51] Increased serum autoantibodies against HSP27 observed in patients with glaucoma and IOP-independent RGC loss in animal models after immunization with HSP27 also provide evidence that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Rheumatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Adults With Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea

et al. 2022

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“…Большое количество данных [9][10][11], полученных в результате клинических и экспериментальных исследований, убедительно свидетельствуют об участии иммунной системы в развитии глаукомы. При этом описываются одновременно как нейропротективная, так и нейродеструктивная роль иммунной системы.…”

Section: оригинальные статьи обсуждениеunclassified

Association of TNF-α gene promoter polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma

Shevchenko¹,

Prokof’ev²,

Konenkov³

et al. 2022

Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology

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Background: glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Diagnosis of glaucoma at an early stage is challenging. Therefore, genetic factors predisposing to the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are investigated. One of these predictors is tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Point mutations in the regulatory region of the TNFα gene are hypothesized to be associated with POAG risk. Aim: to analyze the polymorphism of three positions of TNFα gene promoters and their complexes in West Siberian Caucasians with POAG and healthy volunteers. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 401 individuals, i.e., 99 patients with POAG stage 2 and 302 individuals without POAG (randomized control group). All participants signed an informed consent form. Single nucleotide TNFα gene promoter polymorphism (rs361525, rs1800629, rs1800630) was analyzed. Genotyping was performed by restriction analysis of gene amplification products. Results: the occurrence of minor genotype TNF-308*АА was significantly higher in POAG (odds ratio 11.41, p=0.0011). The occurrence of two other genotypes demonstrated no significant differences between groups. Three complex genotypes were positively associated with POAG (TNF-863*CC:TNF-308*AA, TNF-308*AA:TNF-238*GG и TNF-863*CC:TNF-308*AA:TNF-238*GG). We failed to identify any single nucleotide polymorphism or complexes negatively associated with POAG. Conclusion: minor genotype TNF-308*АА is an essential factor of POAG pathogenesis. Two other polymorphic gene variants were associated with POAG as a part of complex genotypes. These findings demonstrate that potential polymorphic associations should be considered in the case-control analysis. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, polymorphism, TNFα gene, gene promoter, complex genotypes. For citation: Shevchenko A.V., Prokof’ev V.F., Konenkov V.I. et al. Association of TNF-α gene promoter polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(1):11–15 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-11-15.

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Is glaucoma an autoimmune disease?

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Ischemia from Retinal Vascular Hypertension in Normal Tension Glaucoma: Neuroprotective Role of Folate

Ischemia from Retinal Vascular Hypertension in Normal Tension Glaucoma: Neuroprotective Role of Folate

Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Adults With Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea

Association of TNF-α gene promoter polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma

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