Is hand, foot and mouth disease associated with meteorological parameters?

Ma, Edmond; Lam, Tsz Sum; Wong, Christine; Chuang, Shuk-Kwan

doi:10.1017/s0950268810002256

Cited by 132 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results were consistent with previous studies conducted outside mainland China (Ma et al 2010;Onozuka and Hashizume 2011). However, another study on the short-term effects of daily meteorological factors on the HFMD showed relative humidity had a negative effect at lag 1 day and positive effects on lag 5-7 days (Wu et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Socio-ecological factors and hand, foot and mouth disease in dry climate regions: a Bayesian spatial approach in Gansu, China

et al. 2016

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The influence of socio-ecological factors on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) were explored in this study using Bayesian spatial modeling and spatial patterns identified in dry regions of Gansu, China. Notified HFMD cases and socio-ecological data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Yearbook and Gansu Meteorological Bureau. A Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive model was used to quantify the effects of socio-ecological factors on the HFMD and explore spatial patterns, with the consideration of its socio-ecological effects. Our non-spatial model suggests temperature (relative risk (RR) 1.15, 95 % CI 1.01-1.31), GDP per capita (RR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.01-1.39) and population density (RR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.19-3.17) to have a significant effect on HFMD transmission. However, after controlling for spatial random effects, only temperature (RR 1.25, 95 % CI 1.04-1.53) showed significant association with HFMD. The spatial model demonstrates temperature to play a major role in the transmission of HFMD in dry regions. Estimated residual variation after taking into account the socio-ecological variables indicated that high incidences of HFMD were mainly clustered in the northwest of Gansu. And, spatial structure showed a unique distribution after taking account of socio-ecological effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Socio-ecological factors and hand, foot and mouth disease in dry climate regions: a Bayesian spatial approach in Gansu, China

et al. 2016

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“…Multiple linear regression analysis identified temperature as a significant risk factor, which was consistent with the findings of several ecological studies (9,10,12,16) and epidemic trends in Beijing (6)(7)(8). Meanwhile, the univariate analysis showed that temperature was not a significant risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Data collection: We retrospectively surveyed 8 previously suspected indoor environmental factors for each group (9,10,12,13,16), including (i) indoor temperature and (ii) humidity, which were measured using HM34 humidity & temperature meter; (iii) average classroom area per student, measured using a tape measure; (iv) effective ventilation area, for which the areas of all operable doors and windows were measured using a tape measure (if the doors or windows were inoperable, the corresponding area was excluded); (v) inhaled particulate matter (PM10), which was measured using the LD-5C microcomputer Laser Dust Monitor device; (vi) the ratio of window to floor area (Ac/Ad), where the total area of all windows and the floor was measured using a tape measure and the inoperable areas were subtracted; (vii) indoor solar radiation using the Model ST-85 Autoranging illuminometer device; and (viii) indoor ultraviolet (UV) radiation using the UV-B-254 UV illuminometer device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case-Control Study to Identify Environmental Risk Factors for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Beijing

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Jpn J Infect Dis

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SUMMARY: A matched case-control study was conducted in Beijing to identify the relative importance of major environmental risk factors for outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A case was defined as a kindergarten class with at least 1 HFMD outbreak. As a control, a kindergarten class that did not experience an HFMD outbreak was used. To identify potential transmission factors, the control group was divided into 2 subgroups: a sporadic group and an HFMD-negative group. We collected data for 8 environmental factors and basic information of each class. The correlations between the suspected environmental factors and HFMD outbreaks were analyzed. Thirty outbreak classes, 19 sporadic classes, and 30 HFMD-negative classes were enrolled. Class grade, indoor solar radiation, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation revealed significant differences among the 3 groups. After controlling for other factors, UV radiation (adjusted b ＝ -0.42) and class grade (adjusted b ＝ -0.46) as protective factors and temperature (adjusted b ＝ 0.31) as a risk factor were significantly associated with the attack rate by multiple linear regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of an HFMD outbreak in the lower grade was 6-fold greater than that in the higher grade ( P ＝ 0.0380, odds ratio ＝ 0.157, 95z confidence interval ＝ 0.027-0.903). We identified UV radiation and class grade as protective factors that were associated with the epidemic intensity in Beijing. However, more data is needed to evaluate the relationship between these factors and HFMD outbreaks.

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“…A seasonal peak of HFMD occurs in Mayor June of each year, and two peaks were observed in 2011-2013, which is similar to the results of other reports [12,19,22]. Previous studies have demonstrated that seasonal patterns of HFMD were associated with climatic factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogens attributable to hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shanghai, 2008–2013

Sun

Liu

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. A passive surveillance system has been implemented in Shanghai Pudong since 2008 and etiology surveillance since 2009.We characterized the epidemiology and the etiology of HFMD in Pudong from 2008-2013. Methodology: Health care providers were required to report any clinically diagnosed HFMD to Pudong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention. For all severe cases and randomly selected mild HFMD cases, throat or rectal swabs or feces were collected for enterovirus detection by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 50,149 cases were reported, with average 8,508 per year (range: 3,577-13,202) and average incidence of 167.5/100,000 persons (range: 81.4-254.1/100,000 persons). HFMD was more likely to occur in children under five years of age (85.6%), while severe cases were more likely to happen in children under three years of age (63.9%). Every year in May or June, HFMD peaked in the region; two peaks were observed from 2011 to 2013.The most common etiologic agents are EV71 and CA16.Different types of enterovirus circulate in different years. EV71 was the predominant pathogen in severe cases. The proportions of EV71 in severe cases was higher than in mild cases at the children's medical center (p<0.001). Conclusions: HFMD remains an important public health issue in Shanghai. HFMD pathogen surveillance is required for more types of enteroviruses besides EV71 and CA16, which would give a better picture of the etiology of HFMD.

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Is hand, foot and mouth disease associated with meteorological parameters?

Cited by 132 publications

References 29 publications

Socio-ecological factors and hand, foot and mouth disease in dry climate regions: a Bayesian spatial approach in Gansu, China

Socio-ecological factors and hand, foot and mouth disease in dry climate regions: a Bayesian spatial approach in Gansu, China

A Case-Control Study to Identify Environmental Risk Factors for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Beijing

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogens attributable to hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shanghai, 2008–2013

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