Is haplogroup X present in extant South American Indians?

Dornelles, Claudia Leães; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Freitas, Loreta B.; Salzano, Francisco M.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20103

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Accepting that, the latest results reflect the true haplogroup frequencies, haplogroup X is present neither in populations belonging to the Centro-Mesoamerican cluster nor those belonging to the Pan-American cluster in Mexico, Central and South America 21,42,43. Therefore, both the Pan-American and the Centro-Mesoamerican clusters can be considered to be descendants of the people who had spread into America along the Pacific coast, but not through the ice-free corridor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

Complete mitogenome analysis of indigenous populations in Mexico: its relevance for the origin of Mesoamericans

Mizuno

Gojobori

Wang³

et al. 2014

J Hum Genet

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Mesoamerica has an important role in the expansion of Paleoamericans as the route to South America. In this study, we determined complete mitogenome sequences of 113 unrelated individuals from two indigenous populations of Mesoamerica, Mazahua and Zapotec. All newly sequenced mitogenomes could be classified into haplogroups A2, B2, C1 and D1, but one sequence in Mazahua was D4h3a, a subclade of haplogroup D4. This haplogroup has been mostly found in South America along the Pacific coast. Haplogroup X2a was not found in either population. Genetic similarity obtained using phylogenetic tree construction and principal component analysis showed that these two populations are distantly related to each other. Actually, the Mazahua and the Zapotec shared no sequences (haplotypes) in common, while each also showed a number of unique subclades. Surprisingly, Zapotec formed a cluster with indigenous populations living in an area from central Mesoamerica to Central America. By contrast, the Mazahua formed a group with indigenous populations living in external areas, including southwestern North America and South America. This intriguing genetic relationship suggests the presence of two paleo-Mesoamerican groups, invoking a scenario in which one group had expanded into South America and the other resided in Mesoamerica.

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mentioning

confidence: 72%

Complete mitogenome analysis of indigenous populations in Mexico: its relevance for the origin of Mesoamericans

Mizuno

Gojobori

Wang³

et al. 2014

J Hum Genet

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“…Others point to Asia (O'Rourke 2009), or East Asia (Bandelt et al 2003;Malhi et al 2007), or northeast Asia (Battilana et al 2006;Fagundes et al 2008), or Mongolia , or the Altai Mountains (Dornelles et al 2005;Santos et al 1999, Starikovskaya et al 2005Zegura et al 2004), or the ''area around Lake Baikal'' (Derenko et al 2001;Eshleman et al 2003). Yet others implicate the Lower Amur/Sea of Okhotsk region (Lell et al 2002;Starikovskaya et al 2005) or western Beringia (Derbeneva et al 2002;Schroeder et al 2007Schroeder et al , 2009Tamm et al 2007).…”

Section: Geographic Origins Of the First Americans From A Genetic Permentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indigenous North and South American populations so far sampled collectively exhibit seven mtDNA haplogroups (A, B, C, two variants of D, M, and X) (e.g., Bandelt et al 2003;Derenko et al 2001;Fix 2005;Malhi et al , 2007Perego et al 2009;Schurr 2004;Schurr and Sherry 2004;Starikovskaya et al 2005) and four NRY haplogroups (C, P, Q, and R) (e.g., Lell et al 2002;Santos et al 1999;Schurr 2004;Seielstad et al 2003;Tarazona-Santos and Santos 2002;Zegura et al 2004). Only peoples of the Altai region and the regions southeast and southwest of Lake Baikal express a range of mtDNA haplogroups and NRY haplogroups that encompasses those of First American populations (Derenko et al 2001;Dornelles et al 2005;Eshleman et al 2003;Malhi et al , 2007Merriwether 2006;Schurr and Sherry 2004;Starikovskaya et al 2005;Zegura et al 2004).…”

Section: Geographic Origins Of the First Americans From A Genetic Permentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas

Pitblado

2011

J Archaeol Res

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This article synthesizes the 2000s-era ''peopling of the Americas'' data drawn from molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology. Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in western Beringia, and before that, south-central and southeastern Siberia. The first pulse occurred circa 16 k-15 k cal. B.P. by watercraft along the coast of Beringia and western North and South America. The second took place 1,000 years later and involved proto-Clovis hunter-gatherers who used the ice-free corridor as a conduit south. At least eight North American sites dating as far back as the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that the peopling picture may eventually need to change to accommodate an earlier than previously thought migration through the ice-free corridor. For now, the data are not strong enough to support this scenario, but they are tantalizingly close.

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“…A fifth haplogroup, named haplogroup X, is specific to North America and has not been reported in South America (Smith et al, 1999;Dornelles et al, 2005). Mitochondrial haplogroups previously defined on the basis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) (Torroni et al, 1993a) are associated with specific mutations located in the control region of the mtDNA genome (Schurr et al, 2004;Achilli et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High genetic diversity on a sample of pre-Columbian bone remains from Guane territories in northwestern Colombia

Casas-Vargas

Gómez

Briceño

et al. 2011

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Ancient DNA was recovered from 17 individuals found in a rock shelter in the district of "La Purnia" (Santander, Colombia). This region is the homeland of pre-Columbian Guane, whom spread over the "Río Suarez" to the "Río de Oro", and were surrounded to the west by the Central Andes, south and east by foothills of Eastern Andes, and north by the "Chicamocha" river canyon. Guanes established in a region that straddles the Andes and the northern Amazon basin, possibly making it an unavoidable conduit for people moving to and from South America. We amplified mtDNA hypervariable region I (HVI) segments from ancient bone remains, and the resulting sequences were compared with both ancient and modern mitochondrial haplogroups from American and non-American populations. Samples showed a distribution of 35% for haplogroup A, 41% for haplogroup B and 24% for haplogroup D. Nine haplotypes were found in 17 samples, indicating an unusually high genetic diversity on a single site ancient population. Among them, three haplotypes have not been previously found in America, two are shared in Asia, and one is a private haplotype. Despite geographical barriers that eventually isolated them, an important influence of gene flow from neighboring pre-Columbian communities, mainly Muiscas, could explain the high genetic polymorphism of this community before the Spanish conquest, and argues against Guanes as being a genetic isolate.

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Is haplogroup X present in extant South American Indians?

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Complete mitogenome analysis of indigenous populations in Mexico: its relevance for the origin of Mesoamericans

Complete mitogenome analysis of indigenous populations in Mexico: its relevance for the origin of Mesoamericans

A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas

High genetic diversity on a sample of pre-Columbian bone remains from Guane territories in northwestern Colombia

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