Is Hate Worst When It Is Fresh? The Development of Hate Over Time

Abstract

When it comes to eggs, two aspects are central—taste and nutritional value. And it is when eggs are fresh that these are at their peak. Hate “tastes” worst, that is, its negative intensity is highest, when it is fresh. Yet, when hate is not merely a temporary eruption but a constant feature, it distorts the agent’s behavior and attitudes. As such, its moral value worsens with maturity.

Hate: toward a Four-Types Model

“…There is strong disagreement about the nature of hate. In philosophy, the camps are currently divided between those who consider hate as an emotion (Ben-ze'ev 2018;Elster 1999;Landweer 2020;Steinbock 2019;Szanto 2020) and those who regard it as a sentiment (Deonna and Teroni 2012;Fuchs 2021). For a third group, mainly comprised of psychologists, hate can come in both configurations (Halperin 2008;Halperin et al 2012;Fischer et al 2018; and suggested by Salice 2020).…”

Understudied Negative Emotions: What They Can Tell Us About the Nature of Emotions

“…One important challenge to viewing these states as distinct emotions is that they generally occur over a longer time course than is traditionally considered in emotion theory, particularly in the cases of hate and jealousy. In arguing for these states as specific emotions, the target authors take on the question of how theories can account for emotions that do not readily conform to the notion that emotions are short-lived (see also challenges/comments by D’Arms, 2018; Ben-Ze’ev, 2018). So, are jealousy, hate, schadenfreude , and gluckschmerz best seen as distinct emotions?…”

Author Reply: Why Hate Is Unique and Requires Others for Its Maintenance

“…Ben Ze’ev (2018), first of all, points to our reasoning about the enduring nature of emotions. Whereas we distinguish between emotions and sentiments, other authors (Ben Ze’ev & Krebs, 2018; Frijda, 1993) have proposed a distinction between three rather than two different emotional states, based on their duration.…”

“…In their thoughtful comments, Ben Ze’ev (2018) and van Doorn (2018) touch upon a set of crucial issues that we discussed in our review on hate. I am happy they raised these issues so that we can further explore them.…”

“…Ben Ze’ev (2018) raises another interesting issue regarding the development of emotions, which is indeed crucial if we talk about sentiments. While the (intrinsic) development of positive emotions implies something better and deeper, the development of negative emotions may also imply deeper, but not better emotions, obviously.…”