Is Heightened Disgust Propensity Truly a Risk Factor for Contamination-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Melli, Gabriele; Poli, Andrea; Chiorri, Carlo; Olatunji, Bunmi O.

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.10.002

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Although disgust by some participants was reported during symptoms from the other OCD symptom dimensions, and to some extent during symptoms of SAD and GAD, it was most strongly related to symptoms within the contamination dimension. Previous studies have found a relatively weak relationship between disgust proneness, measured at the trait-level via self-report questionnaires, and the overall severity of OCD symptoms in clinically referred youth and adult samples [22,30]. The difference between these and the present findings can be partly attributed to our use of an interview-based assessment of emotion involvement during OCD symptoms and of OCD at the dimensional level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This association is also found in clinical and nonclinical samples of youth, with changes in disgust sensitivity during OCD treatment being positively correlated with reductions in OCD symptoms [14,22,28,29]. However, as disgust proneness/sensitivity is also correlated with symptoms of anxiety, and as anxiety symptoms also tend to decrease during OCD treatment, the extent to which disgust plays a primary or secondary (to anxiety) role in OCD remains unclear [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Involvement of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cervin

Perrin

Olsson³

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Fear has been assigned a central role in models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but empirical investigations into the emotions that underpin OCD symptoms are few, especially in pediatric samples. Using validated, clinician-led structured interviews, 124 youth with OCD reported on the presence and severity of symptoms across the main symptom dimensions of OCD (aggressive, symmetry, contamination) and the degree to which fear, incompleteness, and disgust accompanied these symptoms. For comparison purposes, the degree of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms was obtained also from youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 27) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 28). Participants with OCD reported that all three emotions were involved in their symptoms; however, fear was most strongly linked to aggressive symptoms, incompleteness to symmetry symptoms, and disgust to contamination symptoms. Incompleteness differentiated youth with OCD from those with SAD and GAD. No differences for these emotions were found for youth with OCD with versus without the tic-disorder subtype or comorbid autism. A positive association between incompleteness and self-reported hoarding emerged among youth with OCD. Further studies of the emotional architecture of pediatric OCD, and its relationship to etiology and treatment, are warranted.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Involvement of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cervin

Perrin

Olsson³

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Together, this may represent the implementation of the immobilization without fear state, through a neuroception of safety [29], that, in the polyvagal theory, is believed to require a co-activation of the NA and the DMNX fibers. The co-activation of myelinated NA fibers would assure a sense of safety given by the awareness of one's own bodily state, that could be, or promote, a portal to self-compassion [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22

Poli

Maremmani²,

Chiorri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Body awareness disorders and reactivity are mentioned across a range of clinical problems. Constitutional differences in the control of the bodily state are thought to generate a vulnerability to psychological symptoms. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions have been associated with anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Though interoception may be a transdiagnostic mechanism promoting the improvement of clinical symptomatology, few psychometrically sound, symptom-independent, self-report measures, informed by brain–body circuits, are available for research and clinical use. We validated the Italian version of the body perception questionnaire (BPQ)—short form and found that response categories could be collapsed from five to three and that the questionnaire retained a three-factor structure with items reduced from 46 to 22 (BPQ-22). The first factor was loaded by body awareness items; the second factor comprised some items from the body awareness scale and some from the subdiaphragmatic reactivity scale (but all related to bloating and digestive issues), and the third factor by supradiaphragmatic reactivity items. The BPQ-22 had sound psychometric properties, good convergent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability and could be used in clinical and research settings in which the body perception assessment is of interest. Psychometric findings in light of the polyvagal theory are discussed.

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“…Fourth, the study design was not able to take into account the complex nature of longitudinal data as not all variables were assessed at both time points, and these shortcomings should be addressed in future studies (e.g., by using multilevel modeling). Fifth, asking participants to retrospectively recall their pre-COVID-19 levels of AS-physical concerns, DP, and DS may introduce some level of error from recall bias and should be considered when interpreting the results (Melli et al, 2019). Sixth, the transdiagnostic constructs investigated in the current study are not an exhaustive list of all potentially relevant factors that could predict COVID-19 distress (e.g., health anxiety; Horenstein et al, 2019).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of anxiety sensitivity, disgust, and intolerance of uncertainty on the COVID stress syndrome: a longitudinal assessment of transdiagnostic constructs and the behavioural immune system

Paluszek

Asmundson

Landry

et al. 2021

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Excessive fear and worry in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., COVID stress syndrome) is prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. Research from the current and past pandemics supports the association between transdiagnostic constructs-anxiety sensitivity (AS), disgust, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU)-and pandemic-related distress. Recent research suggests a moderating effect of disgust on the relationship of AS-physical concerns and COVID-19-related distress, suggesting that transdiagnostic constructs underlie individual differences in activation of the behavioral immune system (BIS). No previous study has examined the independent and conjoint effects of pre-COVID-19 AS-physical concerns, disgust propensity (DP), disgust sensitivity (DS), and IU in this context; thus, we did so using longitudinal survey data (N = 3,062 Canadian and American adults) with simple and moderated moderations controlling for gender, mental health diagnosis, and COVID-19 diagnosis. Greater AS-physical concerns, DP, and DS predicted more severe COVID stress syndrome assessed one month later. Either DP or DS further amplified the effect of AS-physical concerns on COVID stress syndrome, except danger and contamination fears. IU did not interact with AS-physical concerns and DS or DP. Theoretical and clinical implications pertaining to delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy for pandemic-related distress are discussed.

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Is Heightened Disgust Propensity Truly a Risk Factor for Contamination-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Involvement of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Involvement of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22

Effects of anxiety sensitivity, disgust, and intolerance of uncertainty on the COVID stress syndrome: a longitudinal assessment of transdiagnostic constructs and the behavioural immune system

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