Is hybridization involved in the evolution of the Chenopodium album aggregate? An analysis based on chromosome counts and genome size estimation

Mandák, Bohumil; Trávníček, Pavel; Paštová, Ladislava; Kořínková, Dana

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2012.03.010

Cited by 32 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We can only speculate whether haplotype sharing in the tetraploid taxa is due to the group's rapid diversification that has been well-documented and may be explained by persistent ancestral variation called incomplete lineage sorting (see Jakob & Blattner, 2006) or interspecific hybridisation. The most promising way to identify the extent of recent gene flow among the tetraploid taxa, would be The origins of the cpDNA clade "C" hexaploids via hybridisation of clade "C" tetraploid and clade "A" or "B" diploid species have already been confirmed Mandák et al, 2012Mandák et al, , 2018. In this study, we found seven haplotypes shared among tetra-and hexaploid taxa (Figure 3).…”

Section: Haplotype Sharing Within the Chenopodium Album Aggregatementioning

confidence: 54%

“…The origins of the cpDNA clade “C” hexaploids via hybridisation of clade “C” tetraploid and clade “A” or “B” diploid species have already been confirmed (Krak et al., ; Mandák et al., , ). In this study, we found seven haplotypes shared among tetra‐ and hexaploid taxa (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The C. album aggregate represents a diploid-polyploid complex with individual species very tightly correlated with specific ploidy level and genome size. Thus, the recognised species include diploids (2n = 2x = 18), tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36), hexaploids (2n = 6x = 54) and decaploids (2n = 10x = 90) (Mandák, Trávníček, Paštová, & Kořínková, 2012;Mandák et al, 2016;Vít et al, 2016). The group is also extremely variable morphologically and possesses a high level of phenotypic plasticity (Habibi, Vít, Rahiminejad, & Mandák, 2018).…”

Section: One Of the Main Representatives Of Weedy Species In Europe Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human‐mediated dispersal of weed species during the Holocene: A case study of Chenopodium album agg.

Krak

Habibi

Douda

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim We hypothesised that during the Holocene, the distributions of species such as crop weeds have been significantly influenced by human activity. We aimed to (a) identify the main centres of diversity of the Chenopodium album agg. species and (b) test if these species colonised Europe from western Asia, most likely due to the westward expansion of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Location Eurasia. Taxon Chenopodium album aggregate (Amaranthaceae). Methods Three cpDNA regions were sequenced in 904 individuals, from 26 species of the C. album aggregate. A dated phylogeny was inferred and this was used to establish relationships among the haplotypes and to estimate their divergence times. The group's main centres of diversity were inferred by comparing species and haplotype richness between Europe, the Mediterranean, western Asia, central Asia and Siberia. Results The most haplotype‐diverse area for the entire C. album aggregate is central Asia. Interestingly, Europe is poor in terms of haplotype diversity, showing the same level of diversity as the western Asian region. The pairwise genetic differentiation between Europe, the Mediterranean and western Asia is lower than between any of these regions and either central Asia or Siberia. This points to the origin of the European Chenopodium species pool as being in western Asia. In some phylogenetically‐defined clades, species could not be distinguished based on cpDNA haplotypes due to a high level of haplotype sharing. However, in others, the haplotype variation follows the species boundaries. Main conclusions Using the C. album agg. species as a model, we show the importance of central Asia as one of the main centres of diversity for weedy species. However, the group's colonisation of Europe had its origins in western Asia, highlighting the importance of human‐mediated dispersal of ruderal and weed plant species accompanying the westward spread of agriculture in the Neolithic period.

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Section: Haplotype Sharing Within the Chenopodium Album Aggregatementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: One Of the Main Representatives Of Weedy Species In Europe Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human‐mediated dispersal of weed species during the Holocene: A case study of Chenopodium album agg.

Krak

Habibi

Douda

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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“…This revealed two chromosome groups in 6x differing in signal strength [14]. Recently Mandak et al [17] also marshaled the hypothesis of allopolyploid origin of 6x cytotype from central Europe from flow cytometric evidence. The average relative fluorescence intensities of 2x (C.ficifolium, C. suecicum), 4x (C. striatiforme, C. strictum) and 6x (C. album, C opulifolium) from central Europe show a ratio of 1:1.2:2.4 not proportional to the respective ploidy levels, which rules out the derivation of 4x as the autotetraploids of diploid species and provides credibility to the hypothesis of 6x having originated as a result of hybridization between a diploid and a tetraploid species.…”

Section: Genome Analysis and Origin Of Polyploidy Taxamentioning

confidence: 91%

The taxonomic riddle of Chenopodium album L. complex (Amaranthaceae)

Ohri

2015

Nucleus

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C.album L. complex is a heterogenous assemblage of many taxonomic entities of cosmopolitan distribution. This is because many weedy and semi-domesticated forms have arisen due to hybridization and polyploidy. These distinct forms have been perpetuated by their breeding system characterized by high level of selfing and also by the phenological differences. The interrelationships in this aggregate of various taxa are now beginning to be explored. This is mainly because of the economic importance of many semi-domesticated forms providing nutritious leafy vegetable and grains and the economic impact of weedy forms on other crops. The work done on cytology, genome size estimation and molecular markers on various populations and cytotypes has provided tangible results in explaining genetic relationships among different types as well as in unraveling the genomic constitution and origin of polyploid forms. The studies show a great diversity of morphological types and three ploidy levels (2n=18, 36, 54) in C.album complex. The 4x type from North West India is genetically different from 2x and 6x types. The 6x types have been shown to be allopolyploids based on karyotypes, genomic in situ hybridization, flavonoid profiles and SOS1 homeologs.

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“…was analysed using Feulgen densitometry and indicated a 7.91-fold variation among analysed species, but the patterns of genome size evolution were not interpreted in a phylogenetic context. Comparative analysis of the genome size of selected species from the C. album L. aggregate suggested that DNA content might be a valuable source of information in phylogenetic studies in this group of species (Mandák et al, 2012). Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study of genome size in Chenopodium s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of genome size and rDNA in diploid species ofChenopodium s.l.(Amaranthaceae)

et al. 2015

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The evolution of genome size and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus organization was analysed in 23 diploid species of Chenopodium s.l., all of which share the same base chromosome number of x = 9. Phylogenetic relationships among these species were inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) DNA sequences. The molecular phylogenetic analyses assigned all analysed species of Chenopodium s.l. to six evolutionary lineages, corresponding to the recent new generic taxonomic treatment of Chenopodium s.l. The distribution of rDNA loci for four species is presented here for the first time using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Most of the 23 analysed diploid Chenopodium spp. possessed a single subterminally located 35S rDNA locus, except for three species which possessed two 35S rDNA loci. One or two 5S rDNA loci were typically localized subterminally on chromosomes, rarely interstitially. Analyses of rDNA locus numbers in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus each of 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA, both in subterminal positions, as the ancestral state. Genome sizes determined using flow cytometry were relatively small (2C value < 2.8 pg), ranging from 0.734 pg in C. schraderianum to 2.721 pg in C. californicum (nearly four-fold difference), and were often conserved within major phylogenetic lineages, suggesting an adaptive value. The reconstructed ancestral genome size was small for all evolutionary lineages, and changes have probably coincided with the divergence of major lineages.

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Is hybridization involved in the evolution of the Chenopodium album aggregate? An analysis based on chromosome counts and genome size estimation

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Human‐mediated dispersal of weed species during the Holocene: A case study of Chenopodium album agg.

Human‐mediated dispersal of weed species during the Holocene: A case study of Chenopodium album agg.

The taxonomic riddle of Chenopodium album L. complex (Amaranthaceae)

The evolution of genome size and rDNA in diploid species ofChenopodium s.l.(Amaranthaceae)

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