IS 26 Is Responsible for the Evolution and Transmission of bla _NDM -Harboring Plasmids in Escherichia coli of Poultry Origin in China

Abstract

Carbapenem resistance in members of the order Enterobacterales is a growing public health problem that is associated with high mortality in developing and industrialized countries. Moreover, in the field of veterinary medicine, the occurrence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates in animals, especially food-producing animals, has become a growing concern in recent years.

Characterization of NDM-5-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates from retail grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) and evidence of <i>bla</i>_NDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid transfer between ducks and fish

“…Plasmid pHNBYF33-1, which belonged to IncHI2-ST3, was 238 926 bp in length with a GC content of 46.30% and carried 12 resistance genes. The BLASTn results indicated that plasmid pHNBYF33-1 exhibited high similarity (≥99.9% identity and ≥93.4% coverage) to four bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmids deposited in GenBank, i.e., pNDM33-1 (MN915011) ( Zhao et al, 2021b ), GFQ9D68 Contig5 (JAGFYC010000005), GDQ8D151 plasmid1 (JAGFYD010000002), and GDQ20D15 plasmid1 (JAGFYB010000003) ( Figure 1B ). Interestingly, all four plasmids were carried by E. coli strains recovered from ducks in Guangdong, China.…”

“…In these four IncHI2-type plasmids, the bla NDM-5 gene was identically embedded in a novel composite transposon (IS 3000 -ΔIS Aba125 -IS 5 -ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM-5 - ble MBL - trpF - tat -∆ dct -IS 26 -∆ umuD -∆IS Kox3 -IS 3000 ) inserted between IS 1 and IS 10R of the multidrug resistance region of the IncHI2 plasmid with 5 bp target site duplications (TSDs) (ACTTT). Previous research has found that excision of this transposon from the plasmid pNDM33-1 forms a circular intermediate ( Zhao et al, 2021b ). Here, we renamed this novel 13 918 bp long transposon as Tn 7051 (https://transposon.lstmed.ac.uk/).…”

“…IncHI2/ST3 plasmids have been reported to mediate the transfer of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), such as fosA3 ( Wang et al, 2020 ), floR ( Cao et al, 2020 ), bla CTX-M ( Lü et al, 2020 ), and mcr ( Long et al, 2019 ; Zhi et al, 2016 ), as well as various NDM-type carbapenemase genes, such as bla NDM-1 , bla NDM-9 , and bla NDM-4 ( Liu et al, 2017 ; Oueslati et al, 2021 ). However, there are very few reports of bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 ( Ma et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021b ). Consequently, we downloaded all available complete genomes ( n =5 974; as of 1 September 2021) of Enterobacteriaceae submitted to the NCBI assembly database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/) and found only five bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmids (four from ducks and one from swine), all of which were from Guangdong, China.…”

“…NDM-5 is the most common NDM variant in E. coli , especially in China and Southeast Asia. Although bla NDM-5 is widespread due to diverse self-transferable plasmids such as IncX3 and IncF (FII, FIA, and FIB) ( Wu et al, 2019 ), it is rarely reported in the IncHI2 plasmid, except in swine- and duck-origin E. coli from Guangdong Province, China ( Ma et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021b ).…”

Emerging Opportunity and Destiny of mcr-1 - and tet (X4)-Coharboring Plasmids in Escherichia coli

“…In addition, the evolution of pCLDRW_444k was closely related to IS 26 ( Table 1 and Fig. S1), which may facilitate the formation of various plasmid types and accelerate the evolution of MDR plasmids ( 25 ).…”