Is It Time We Stop Discouraging Evening Physical Activity? New Real-World Evidence From 150,000 Nights

Kahn, Michal; Korhonen, Tapani; Leinonen, Leena; Martinmäki, Kaisu; Kuula, Liisa; Pesonen, Anu‐Katriina; Gradisar, Michael

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.772376

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In contrast, sleep quality was not affected by PA levels in the preceding day. This finding echoes our previous report from this same dataset, showing that MVPA performed during the evening hours before bedtime was unrelated with sleep quality [22]. However, there have been very few studies that have found better sleep quality (i.e., sleep efficiency) to precede such high levels of PA [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Sleep and physical activity – the dynamics of bi-directional influences over a fortnight

et al. 2022

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Study objectives The day-to-next day predictions between physical activity (PA) and sleep are not well known, although they are crucial for advancing public health by delivering valid sleep and physical activity recommendations. We used Big Data to examine cross-lagged time-series of sleep and PA over 14 days and nights. Methods Bi-directional cross-lagged autoregressive pathways over 153,154 days and nights from 12,638 Polar watch users aged 18–60 years (M = 40.1 SD = 10.1; 44.5% female) were analyzed with cross-lagged panel data modeling (RI-CPL). We tested the effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) vs. high intensity PA (vigorous, VPA) on sleep duration and quality, and vice versa. Results Within-subject results showed that more minutes spent in VPA the previous day was associated with shorter sleep duration the next night, whereas no effect was observed for MVPA. Longer sleep duration the previous night was associated with less MVPA but more VPA the next day. Neither MVPA nor VPA were associated with subsequent night’s sleep quality, but better quality of sleep predicted more MVPA and VPA the next day. Conclusions Sleep duration and PA are bi-directionally linked, but only for vigorous physical activity. More time spent in VPA shortens sleep the next night, yet longer sleep duration increases VPA the next day. The results imply that a 24-h framing for the interrelations of sleep and physical activity is not sufficient – the dynamics can even extend beyond, and are activated specifically for the links between sleep duration and vigorous activity. The results challenge the view that sleep quality can be improved by increasing the amount of PA. Yet, better sleep quality can result in more PA the next day.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, comparing the results is challenging, as the studied variables, intensity of PA, and study design varied. In addition, timing of the physical activity may matter-we have previously reported from this same data set that MVPA performed in the 3hbefore bedtime was associated with slightly longer sleep duration [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sleep and physical activity – the dynamics of bi-directional influences over a fortnight

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, a synergistic health effect has been documented of physical inactivity and poor sleep on the development of metabolic syndrome and increased mortality 175 , 176 . Findings also suggest that evening physical activity should be discouraged owing to a disturbance of night-time sleep; however, any effect here is likely to be small 177 . Of note, whether being physically active helps to prevent or reduce the metabolic health consequences of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment is unknown.…”

Section: Potential Strategies To Improve Sleepmentioning

confidence: 81%

The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity

et al. 2022

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Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these conditions. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment predispose individuals to poor metabolic health and promote weight gain and have received increased research attention in the past 10 years. Insufficient sleep is defined as sleeping less than recommended for health benefits, whereas circadian misalignment is defined as wakefulness and food intake occurring when the internal circadian system is promoting sleep. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in humans on appetite hormones (focusing on ghrelin, leptin and peptide-YY), energy expenditure, food intake and choice, and risk of obesity. Some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption on metabolic health are provided and future research priorities are highlighted. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic functions. Furthermore, modern working patterns, lifestyles and technologies are often not conducive to adequate sleep at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting it (for example, late-night screen time, shift work and nocturnal social activities). Efforts are needed to highlight the importance of optimal sleep and circadian health in the maintenance of metabolic health and body weight regulation.

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“…Thus, studying the reciprocal associations between the circadian clock and exercise performance is of growing interest. Research on PA in relation to sleep has mostly focused on the timing, duration, and intensity of PA with the overarching goal to optimize beneficial outcomes for the individual’s health and wellbeing ( Kahn et al, 2021 ; Lang et al, 2022 ). The timing of PA can alter rest–activity profiles, and affect clock gene expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous circadian temperature rhythms relate to adolescents’ daytime physical activity

Kuula

Lipsanen²,

Partonen³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Circadian rhythms relate to multiple aspects of health and wellbeing, including physical activity patterns. Susceptible circadian regulation predisposes to circadian misalignment, poor sleep, sleep deprivation, increased sleepiness, and thereby sedentary behavior. Adolescents’ circadian regulation is particularly vulnerable, and may lead to sedentary behavior. To investigate which factors associate strongest between physical activity (PA) and circadian behavior, we conducted multimodal circadian rhythm analyses. We investigate how individual characteristics of habitual circadian patterns associate with objectively measured PA. We studied 312 adolescents [70% females) (56% with delayed sleep phase (DSP)], mean age 16.9 years. Circadian period length, temperature mesor (estimated 24 h midline) and amplitude (difference between mesor and peak) were measured using distally attached thermologgers (ibutton 1922L, 3-day-measurement). We additionally utilized algorithm-formed clusters of circadian rhythmicity. Sleep duration, timing, DSP, and PA were measured using actigraphs (GeneActiv Original, 10-day-measurement). We found that continuous circadian period length was not associated with PA, but lower mesor and higher amplitude were consistently associated with higher levels of PA as indicated by mean Metabolic Equivalent (METmean) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), even when controlling for sleep duration. Separate circadian clusters formed by an algorithm also reflected distinct patterns of PA accordingly. Late sleepers and those with DSP were less likely to engage in MVPA compared to non-DSP and had more sedentary behavior. Adolescents who engage in higher levels or high-intensity PA have better circadian regulation, as measured by different objective methods including distal temperature measurements as well as actigraphy-measured sleep-wake behavior.

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Is It Time We Stop Discouraging Evening Physical Activity? New Real-World Evidence From 150,000 Nights

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Sleep and physical activity – the dynamics of bi-directional influences over a fortnight

Sleep and physical activity – the dynamics of bi-directional influences over a fortnight

The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity

Endogenous circadian temperature rhythms relate to adolescents’ daytime physical activity

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