Is memory for stimulus magnitude Bayesian?

Sailor, Kevin M.; Antoine, Miriam

doi:10.3758/bf03193079

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many studies have examined the effects of category membership on stimulus reproduction by using a serial reproduction task in which participants briefly viewed an object and then immediately estimated one of its attributes (e.g., the length of lines, size of shapes, or brightness of gray squares) from memory (e.g., Huttenlocher, Hedges, & Vevea, 2000;Sailor & Antoine, 2005). However, whether the categorical information of objects affects stimulus reproduction remains controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of gender membership on sequential decisions of face attractiveness

Kondo

Takahashi

Watanabe

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Responses in a current trial are biased by the stimulus and response in the preceding trial. In a mixed-category sequence, the sequential dependency is weaker when the stimuli of the current and preceding trials fall under different categories. In the present study, we investigated the influence of the gender membership of faces on the sequential dependency. Forty-eight pictures of male and female faces were presented successively. Participants rated the attractiveness, roundness, or intelligence of each face on a 7-point scale. The sequential effect was robustly observed, irrespective of the property to be judged. However, between-gender sequential dependency was weaker than within-gender dependency only in the attractiveness judgment. These findings suggest that the gender of faces serves as a cue for forming category representations when face attractiveness is of interest, and hence that the formation of categories in sequential decisions is an adaptive process that depends on the property to be judged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gender membership on sequential decisions of face attractiveness

Kondo

Takahashi

Watanabe

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…In 2005, Sailor and Antoine provided further evidence of a central-tendency bias for single item memory but also suggested that the bias could be explained through the influence of immediately preceding stimuli; if a stimulus from one end of a distribution is presented, the preceding stimulus is more likely to be a less extreme value. Sailor and Antoine (2005) showed that such sequential dependencies could produce a central-tendency bias. However, Duffy, Huttenlocher, Hedges, and Crawford (2010) directly tested this hypothesis against the central-tendency bias view; they reported two experiments that showed that participants adjust their estimates towards the mean of all the stimuli encountered previously rather than towards a smaller and more recently encountered subset.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They note that these findings do not mean that there is never an influence of recent, prior stimuli; rather, their results imply that such an influence is generally far smaller than the influence of the entire distribution. Sailor and Antoine (2005), as well as DeCarlo and Cross (1990), reported evidence to the effect that both the distribution as a whole and the immediately preceding stimulus affected estimates, but the influence of the immediately preceding stimulus was minor, relative to the influence of the entire distribution. In summary, there is no strong evidence for an explanation of the central tendency bias as a memory distortion caused by a subset of immediately preceding stimuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing the recent visual past: Hierarchical knowledge-based effects in visual working memory

et al. 2017

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This paper presents two experiments that examine the influence of multiple levels of knowledge on visual working memory (VWM). Experiment 1 focused on memory for faces. Faces were selected from continua that were constructed by morphing two face photographs in 100 steps; half of the continua morphed a famous face into an unfamiliar one, while the other half used two unfamiliar faces. Participants studied six sequentially presented faces each from a different continuum, and at test they had to locate one of these within its continuum. Experiment 2 examined immediate memory for object sizes. On each trial, six images were shown; these were either all vegetables or all random shapes. Immediately after each list, one item was presented again, in a new random size, and participants reproduced its studied size. Results suggested that two levels of knowledge influenced VWM. First, there was an overall central-tendency bias whereby items were remembered as being closer to the overall average or central tokens (averaged across items and trials) than they actually were. Second, when object knowledge was available for the to-be-remembered items (i.e., famous face or typical size of a vegetable) a further bias was introduced in responses. The results extend the findings of Hemmer and Steyvers (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 80-87, 2009a) from episodic memory to VWM and contribute to the growing literature which illustrates the complexity and flexibility of the representations subtending VWM performance (e.g., Bae,

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“…The fact that stimulus history biases perceptual judgments is well-known. Broadly speaking, it appears in two ways-biases to (or away from) the mean of a stimulus distribution (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), referred to as central-tendency biases, and biases to (or away from) recently observed stimuli (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), referred to as n − 1 biases.…”

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confidence: 99%

The brain uses adaptive internal models of scene statistics for sensorimotor estimation and planning

Kwon

Knill

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Because of uncertainty and noise, the brain should use accurate internal models of the statistics of objects in scenes to interpret sensory signals. Moreover, the brain should adapt its internal models to the statistics within local stimulus contexts. Consider the problem of hitting a baseball. The impoverished nature of the visual information available makes it imperative that batters use knowledge of the temporal statistics and history of previous pitches to accurately estimate pitch speed. Using a laboratory analog of hitting a baseball, we tested the hypothesis that the brain uses adaptive internal models of the statistics of object speeds to plan hand movements to intercept moving objects. We fit Bayesian observer models to subjects' performance to estimate the statistical environments in which subjects' performance would be ideal and compared the estimated statistics with the true statistics of stimuli in an experiment. A first experiment showed that subjects accurately estimated and used the variance of object speeds in a stimulus set to time hitting behavior but also showed serial biases that are suboptimal for stimuli that were uncorrelated over time. A second experiment showed that the strength of the serial biases depended on the temporal correlations within a stimulus set, even when the biases were estimated from uncorrelated stimulus pairs subsampled from the larger set. Taken together, the results show that subjects adapted their internal models of the variance and covariance of object speeds within a stimulus set to plan interceptive movements but retained a bias to positive correlations.Bayesian inference | motion perception | statistical learning | sequential effects

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Is memory for stimulus magnitude Bayesian?

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Influence of gender membership on sequential decisions of face attractiveness

Influence of gender membership on sequential decisions of face attractiveness

Reconstructing the recent visual past: Hierarchical knowledge-based effects in visual working memory

The brain uses adaptive internal models of scene statistics for sensorimotor estimation and planning

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