Is My Perspective Better Than Yours? Blockchain Interoperability with Views

Belchior, Rafael; Torres, Limaris; Pfannschmid, Jonas; Vasconcelos, André; Correia, Miguel

doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20025857.v1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cross-chain applications are structured as multi-step protocols with different types of agents. Agents are users (e.g., end-users, relayers [2], or protocol administrators) and smart contracts. Users take turns doing off-chain processing and interacting with one or more domains (e.g., submit transactions against smart contracts).…”

Section: A System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hephaestus: Modeling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

Belchior,

Somogyvari,

Pfannschmidt

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Rel.

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Ecosystems of multiple blockchains are now a reality. Multi-chain applications and protocols are perceived as necessary to enable scalability, privacy, and composability. Despite being a promising emerging area, we have been witnessing devastating attacks on cross-chain bridges that have caused billions of dollars in losses, and no apparent solution seems to emerge from the ongoing chaos. In this paper, we present our contribution to minimizing bridge attacks, by monitoring a crosschain model. In particular, we aggregate cross-chain events into cross-chain transactions, and verify if they follow a set of crosschain rules, which then generate a model.We propose Hephaestus, the first cross-chain model generator that captures the operational complexity of cross-chain applications. Hephaestus can generate cross-chain models from local transactions in different ledgers, realizing arbitrary cross-chain use cases and allowing operators to monitor their applications. Monitoring helps identify outliers and malicious behavior, which can enable programmatically stopping attacks ("a circuit breaker"), including bridge hacks. We conduct a detailed evaluation of our system, where we implement a crosschain bridge use case. Our experimental results show that Hephaestus can process 600 cross-chain transactions in less than 5.5 seconds in an environment with two blockchains using sublinear storage, paving the way for more resilient bridge designs.

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Section: A System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hephaestus: Modeling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

Belchior,

Somogyvari,

Pfannschmidt

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Rel.

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, BUNGEE is a general-agnostic framework that inspires this work. In this paper, a tool that produces consolidated views over user activity on different blockchains [2] is proposed. Hephaestus can complement BUNGEE to generate metrics, protocol behavior patterns, and individual user activity.…”

Section: A Bridge Hacks and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hephaestus: Modelling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

Belchior¹,

Somogyvari²,

Pfannschmid³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ecosystems of multiple blockchains are now a reality. Multi-chain applications and protocols are perceived as necessary to enable scalability, privacy, and composability. Despite being a promising emerging research area, we recently have witnessed many attacks that have caused billions of dollars in losses. Attacks against bridges that connect chains are at the top of such attacks in terms of monetary cost, and no apparent solution seems to emerge from the ongoing chaos. In this paper, we present our contribution to minimizing bridge attacks. In particular, we explore the concepts of cross-chain transaction, cross-chain logic, and the cross-chain state as the enablers of the cross-chain model. We propose Hephaestus, the first cross-chain model generator that captures the operational complexity of cross-chain applications. Hephaestus can generate cross-chain models from local transactions on different ledgers realizing arbitrary use cases and allowing operators to monitor their cross-chain applications. Monitoring helps identify outliers and malicious behavior, which can help programmatically to stop bridge hacks and other attacks. We conduct a detailed evaluation of our system, where we implement a cross-chain bridge use case. Our experimental results show that Hephaestus can process 600 cross-chain transactions in less than 5.5 seconds in an environment with two blockchains and requires sublinear storage.

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“…For the time being, gateways are assumed to be trusted. In order to relax this trust assumption, progress has been made paving the way for trustless gateways, leveraging the concept of blockchain views [10], [1], [28]. In this case, gateways exchange verifiable proofs to attest to the success of the operations performed in each ledger.…”

Section: Odap/satpmentioning

confidence: 99%

CBDC bridging between Hyperledger Fabric and permissioned EVM-based blockchains

Augusto¹,

Belchior²,

Vasconcelos³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The last few years have seen a steep increase in blockchain interoperability research. Most solutions connect public blockchains; hence, the main cross-chain use case is token transfer. By-design platform transparency, tamper-resistance, and auditability make blockchains an infrastructure candidate for Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), but bridging CBDCs is an important missing piece in general. In this paper, we leverage an asset transfer protocol, ODAP/SATP, to define an extendable and dependable blockchain interoperability middleware that can bridge CBDC from Hyperledger Fabric to EVM-based permissioned blockchains. The key interoperation enabler in the solution is a shared asset definition enforced by both sides of the bridge, accompanied by a mapping between Fabric Identities and Ethereum addresses for Identity management. We implement our design for the CBDC use case utilizing Hyperledger Cactus. Through a preliminary performance evaluation, we show that the underlying ledgers heavily influence the latency of the solution, not the bridging components.

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Is My Perspective Better Than Yours? Blockchain Interoperability with Views

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Hephaestus: Modeling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

Hephaestus: Modeling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

Hephaestus: Modelling, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of Cross-Chain Transactions

CBDC bridging between Hyperledger Fabric and permissioned EVM-based blockchains

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