Is myopia another clinical manifestation of insulin resistance?

Galvis, Virgilio; López‐Jaramillo, Patricio; Tello, Alejandro; Castellanos-Castellanos, Yuly Andrea; Camacho, Paul Anthony; Cohen, Daniel D.; Gómez-Arbeláez, Diego; Merayo-Lloves, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.006

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Since the seminal study of Cordain (2002), very few studies had focused on the possible effect of refined carbohydrate consumption on myopia [ 17 , 27 ]. Here we found a positive association between refined carbohydrates consumption and prevalence of myopia in girls aged 4 to 18 years but a negative one in boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chronic hyperinsulinemia and fructose metabolism leads to insulin resistance [ 16 , 33 – 35 ] and compensatory hyperinsulinemia [ 36 – 38 ], associated with many health challenging condition [ 39 , 40 ]. Cordain et al (2002) and recently Galvis et al (2016) suggested that this hyperinsulinism could increase the elongation of the globe via the promotion of increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and decreased insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) action in scleral fibroblasts [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost 2 decades ago, Cordain et al (2002) first proposed that via hyperinsulinism, consumption of refined carbohydrates (starches and sugars) could be involved in the development of juvenile-onset myopia: the interaction between hyperinsulinism and hormonal regulation of eye growth could increase the elongation of the axial eyeball [16]. This hypothesis has been supported by more recent evidence [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Of note, the dietary hypothesis and the near-work hypothesis cannot be tested independently, because the type and quantity of diet is associated with physical activities, which may be negatively correlated with time spent on near-work [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France

et al. 2020

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Background: Evaluate risk factors for paediatric myopia in a contemporary French cohort taking into account consumption of refined carbohydrates (starches and sugars). Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2017 and May 2018. Two hundred sixty-four children aged 4 to 18 years attending the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gui de Chauliac in Montpellier were recruited. Ophthalmologic or optometric cycloplegic refraction were measured. Evaluated risk factors for myopia were collected, including family history of myopia, outdoor time, reading time, screen time, physical activity, and consumption of refined carbohydrates. Association between the probability of at least one eye showing myopia (defined as < 0 D) and frequency of refined carbohydrates consumption adjusted for risk factors and control factors was tested. Results: Overall, 86/264 (32.6%) children investigated showed myopia in at least one eye. We included 180 children exhibiting refraction < 3 D in both eyes: 88 (48.9%) girls and 92 (51.1%) boys. The consumption of refined carbohydrates significantly increased the probability of myopia for girls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.13; P = 0.009) but decreased it for boys (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = 0.011). The probability of myopia was marginally increased with increased screen time (OR = 2.32; 95% CI, 0.94-6.47; P = 0.083). Outdoor time seemed marginally protective (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.01; P = 0.057). Conclusion: Refined carbohydrates consumption could be associated with child myopia, with increased probability for girls and unexpected reduced probability for boys, possibly due to the fact that frequency of carbohydrates consumption do not really capture boy's chronic hyperglycemia, boys being more physically active than girls at all ages. Some known risk/protective factors of myopia were marginally significant: screen time (risk) and outdoor time (protective). This study reinforces the belief that modifiable risk factors for myopia could be targets for future public health actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France

et al. 2020

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“…40 Third, short sleep duration could greatly increase the risk of being insulin resistant, 49 which could increase the serum level of IGF-1. 39 Although the IGF-1 system seems to be a sound explanation for our results, this hypothesis needs to be tested with further clinical and experimental studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…38 IGF-1 in scleral fibroblasts contributes to axial elongation of the eye and thus the development of myopia. [39][40][41] The IGF-1 gene polymorphisms has been associated with both myopia 42 and the age at menarche, 43 suggesting a shared molecular pathway of myopia and menarche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between menarche and myopia and its interaction with related risk behaviors among Chinese school-aged girls: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Jan

Song

et al. 2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Nearly 80% of new cases of myopia arise between 9 and 13 years old when puberty development also progresses rapidly. However, little is known about the association between myopia and puberty. We aim to evaluate the association between myopia and menarche, the most important puberty indicator for girls, and to test whether menarche could modify the effects of myopia-related behaviors. The participants came from two consecutive national surveys conducted in 30 provinces in mainland China in 2010 and 2014. We included 102,883 girls (61% had experienced menarche) aged 10–15 years. Risk behaviors for myopia which included sleep duration, homework time, and outdoor activity were measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Myopia was defined according to a validated method, and its relationships with menarche status and behaviors were evaluated by robust Poisson regression models based on generalized estimated equation adjusting for cluster effect of school. We found that postmenarche girls were at 13% (95% confidence interval: 11%–16%) higher risk of myopia than premenarche girls, after adjusting for exact age, urban–rural location, survey year, and four behavioral covariates. Short sleep duration (<7 h/d), long homework time (>1 h/d) and low frequency of weekend outdoor activity tended to be stronger (with higher prevalence ratios associated with myopia) risk factors for myopia in postmenarche girls than in premenarche girls, and their interaction with menarche status was all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overall, our study suggests that menarche onset may be associated with increased risk of myopia among school-aged girls and could also enhance girls’ sensitivity to myopia-related risk behaviors.

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Higher HbA1c may reduce axial length elongation in myopic children: a comparison cohort study

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

Acta Diabetol

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Is myopia another clinical manifestation of insulin resistance?

Cited by 42 publications

References 102 publications

Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France

Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France

The association between menarche and myopia and its interaction with related risk behaviors among Chinese school-aged girls: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Higher HbA1c may reduce axial length elongation in myopic children: a comparison cohort study

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