Is obesity an inflammatory condition?

Das, Undurti N.

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00672-4

Cited by 708 publications

(520 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…It is believed that intervertebral disc degeneration is the result of enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix, and possibly local inflammation. 25 Recently, Das 26 proposed that obesity could be an inflammatory disorder. Overweight and obese children and adults have elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, and leptin, all known markers of inflammation and closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disc degeneration of the lumbar spine in relation to overweight

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To study the association between overweight and lumbar disc degeneration. DESIGN: Population-based 4-y follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 129 working middle-aged men selected to the baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study from a cohort of 1832 men representing three occupations: machine drivers, construction carpenters, and office workers. The selection was based on the paticipants'age (40-45 y) and place of residence. MR images of the lumbar spines were obtained at baseline and at 4-y follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: Signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus of the discs L2/L3-L4/L5 was visually assessed by two readers using the adjacent cerebrospinal fluid as an intensity reference. The weight (at age 25 and 40-45 y) and height of the subjects, history of car driving, smoking, and back injuries were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses allowing for occupation, history of car driving, smoking, and back injuries showed that persistent overweight (body mass index (BMI) Z25 kg/m 2 at both ages) associated strongly with an increased risk of the number of lumbar discs with decreased signal intensity of nucleus pulposus at follow-up, adjusted odds ratio (OR) being 4.3 (95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) 1.3-14.3). Overweight at young age (risk ratio (RR) 3.8; 95% CI 1.4-10.4) was a stronger predictor of an increase in the number of degenerated discs during follow-up than overweight in middle age (RR 1.3; 95% CI 0.7-2.7). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that the BMI above 25 kg/m 2 increases the risk of lumbar disc degeneration. Overweight at young age seems to be particularly detrimental.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disc degeneration of the lumbar spine in relation to overweight

et al. 2005

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“…Although the causes of obesity are multifactorial, increasing evidence links inflammation and infections to obesity or weight gain [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Seropositivity for Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with high BMI in humans [28] and in mice virus infections have been associated with weight gain [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain in relation to plasma levels of complement factor 3: results from a population-based cohort study

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: Mice that are deficient for complement factor 3 (C3) have shown resistance to weight gain, despite increased food intake. Cross-sectional studies of humans have reported correlations between C3 and obesity. This longitudinal study explored whether C3 predicts a large weight gain in middle-aged men. Methods: Plasma concentrations of C3 and complement factor 4 (C4) were measured in 2,706 non-diabetic healthy men aged between 38 and 50 years, who were re-examined after a mean period of 6.1 years. Results: After adjustments for initial weight, age, height and follow-up time, the odds of incurring large weight gain (75th percentile, ≥3.8 kg) were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (95% CI:0.7-1.2), 1.1 (CI:0.9-1.5) and 1.4 (CI: 1.1-1.8), respectively, among men with C3 levels in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles (p for trend= 0.01) respectively. This relationship remained significant after further adjustments for lifestyle factors (physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking), metabolic factors (glucose or homeostasis model assessment values, cholesterol, triglycerides), inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, α1-antitrypsin) and for C4. C4 was associated with weight gain after adjustments for initial weight, height, follow-up time and lifestyle factors, but not after adjustments for C3. Conclusions/interpretation: C3 is a risk factor for incurring large weight gain in middleaged men.

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that obesity is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition accompanied by increased levels of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and/ or other inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). [1][2][3][4] Adipocytokines such as TNFa or IL-6 are generally elevated with increasing adiposity, 5,6 and are closely correlated with CRP, 7 a known inflammatory marker. 8 These inflammatory adipocytokines are considered to play an important role in the development of metabolic complications in obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters

et al. 2006

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Background: Chemotactic cytokines, referred to as chemokines, play an important role in leukocyte trafficking. The circulating levels of chemokines have been shown to increase in inflammatory processes including obesity-related pathologies (e.g. atherosclerosis and diabetes). However, little is currently known about the relationship between chemokines and human obesity. In the present study, we investigated the circulating levels of selected chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1a (MIP-1a), leukotactin-1, interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and the association between the chemokine levels and obesity-related parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipids profile, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: A total of 100 subjects, 50 obese (BMIX25 kg/m 2 ) and 50 who were not obese (BMIo25 kg/m 2 ) participated in the present study. The levels of chemokines and CRP were measured in a fasting state serum by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin levels were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay. Results: The circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the serum were significantly (Po0.05) higher in obese subjects (BMI430 kg/ m 2 ) compared with those of nonobese controls (BMIo25 kg/m 2 ). The levels of CRP were positively correlated with BMI (Po0.001) or waist circumference (Po0.0001). The levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 were positively related to BMI (MCP-1, Po0.02; IL-8, Po0.01) and/or waist circumference (MCP-1, Po0.009; IL-8, Po0.03). The levels of MCP-1 were positively related to the levels of CRP (Po0.007) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Po0.0001), and negatively related to the levels of HDL-cholesterol (Po0.01). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score was positively related to the levels of MCP-1 (Po0.02) or IL-8 (Po0.03) in obese subject. Discussion: Our data demonstrated that the circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are related to obesity-related parameters such as BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6, HOMA and HDL-cholesterol. These findings suggest that the circulating MCP-1 and/or IL-8 may be a potential candidate linking obesity with obesity-related metabolic complications such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.

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Is obesity an inflammatory condition?

Cited by 708 publications

References 195 publications

Disc degeneration of the lumbar spine in relation to overweight

Disc degeneration of the lumbar spine in relation to overweight

Weight gain in relation to plasma levels of complement factor 3: results from a population-based cohort study

Circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters

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