Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus?

Raina, Sheetal; Vizio, Daniela De; Palonen, Elina K.; Odell, Mark; Brandt, Annika; Soini, Jari; Keshavarz, Tajalli

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.021

Cited by 39 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…), indicating the increased secondary metabolism to occur prior to enhancing the gene expression of the pgm cluster. The biogenesis of the secondary metabolite lovastatin has been observed to be increased by butyrolactone I during the middle growth phase in the same growth conditions as used in this study [19,20], in agreement with the upregulated laeA gene expression profile [22]. Considering these observed occurrence patterns in chronological order, the activity of the pgm cluster appears to be enhanced after the increase in secondary metabolism in these submerged culture conditions under the influence of increased butyrolactone I biogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus—Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture?

et al. 2017

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Pigments and melanins of fungal spores have been investigated for decades, revealing important roles in the survival of the fungus in hostile environments. The key genes and the encoded enzymes for pigment and melanin biosynthesis have recently been found in Ascomycota, including Aspergillus spp. In Aspergillus terreus, the pigmentation has remained mysterious with only one class of melanin biogenesis being found. In this study, we examined an intriguing, partially annotated gene cluster of A. terreus strain NIH2624, utilizing previously sequenced transcriptome and improved gene expression data of strain MUCL 38669, under the influence of a suggested quorum sensing inducing metabolite, butyrolactone I. The core polyketide synthase (PKS) gene of the cluster was predicted to be significantly longer on the basis of the obtained transcriptional data, and the surrounding cluster was positively regulated by butyrolactone I at the late growth phase of submerged culture, presumably during sporulation. Phylogenetic analysis of the extended PKS revealed remarkable similarity with a group of known pigments of Fusarium spp., indicating a similar function for this PKS. We present a hypothesis of this PKS cluster to biosynthesise a 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-type of pigment during sporulation with the influence of butyrolactone I under submerged culture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus—Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture?

et al. 2017

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“…These results were similar when the molecule added to the medium was E,Efarnesol at 100 M or 1 mM and with the addition of an equivalent volume of "spent medium." However, the other signal molecules tested, (described as QS molecules in other microorganisms), i.e., ␥-butyrolactone (18,24), N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (9), tyrosol (14), and dodecanol (16), showed no effect on the parameters measured in O. piceae cultures with respect to the control (data not shown). The different molecules were added to the cultures at 48 h after inoculation in order to avoid growth inhibition, as described by other authors (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This phenomenon was first studied in bacteria (9, 10) and much later reported in fungi, particularly in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (11,12), where the sesquiterpene alcohol farnesol (1-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene) was described as the first QS molecule in eukaryotic organisms (11). However, over the years, other molecules, such as aromatic alcohols, tyrosol, dodecanol, ␥-butyrolactone, or ␥-heptalactone, have been identified as mediators of QS processes in these organisms (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quorum-Sensing Mechanisms Mediated by Farnesol in Ophiostoma piceae: Effect on Secretion of Sterol Esterase

Salas

Martı́nez

Barriuso

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Ophiostoma piceae CECT 20416 is a dimorphic wood-staining fungus able to produce an extracellular sterol-esterase/lipase (OPE) that is of great biotechnological interest. In this work, we have studied the morphological change of this fungus from yeast to hyphae, which is associated with the cell density-related mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS), and how this affects the secretion of OPE. The data presented here confirm that the molecule E,E-farnesol accumulates as the cell number is growing within the population. The exogenous addition of this molecule or spent medium to the cultures increased the extracellular activity of OPE 2.5 times. This fact was related not to an increase in microbial biomass or in the expression of the gene coding for OPE but to a marked morphological transition in the cultures. Moreover, the morphological transition also occurred when a high cell density was inoculated into the medium. The results suggest that E,E-farnesol regulates through QS mechanisms the morphological transition in the dimorphic fungus O. piceae and that it is associated with a higher extracellular esterase activity. Furthermore, identification and transcriptional analysis of genes tup1 and cyr1, which are involved in the response, was carried out. Here we report enhanced production of a sterol-esterase/lipase of biotechnological interest by means of QS mechanisms. These results may be useful in increasing the production of secreted enzymes of other dimorphic fungi of biotechnological interest.T riacylglycerol esterases, also known as lipases, have acylglycerols as their natural substrates, while sterol esterases hydrolyze fatty acid esters of sterols. In addition, both kinds of enzymes are able to carry out synthesis reactions in the presence of organic solvents (1, 2). They are widespread in nature, but those from microorganisms, especially fungi, have gained special interest due to their broad substrate specificity and their potential application for biotechnological applications (2).Ophiostoma piceae is a wood-staining fungus and is a causal agent of pine and spruce discoloration. Although it is not a pathogenic species and associates with nonaggressive bark beetles, the infection results in substantial economic losses in the forestry industry (3). Its ability to produce a morphological transition from yeast to hyphal forms, depending on fungal culture conditions, probably contributes to its adaptation to different environmental conditions (3). The effect of inoculum size on culture morphology of fungi from the genera Ophiostoma has been recently reported, suggesting that yeast-or hypha-like growth could be associated with quorum-sensing (QS) activity (4).The fungus O. piceae CECT 20416 produces an extracellular sterol esterase (OPE) with activity on triglycerides, esters of p-nitrophenol, and cholesterol (5). This is the only esterase secreted by this strain, and it represents a major protein in the crude enzyme obtained using a basal medium supplemented with olive oil. The enzyme is a glycosylated protein,...

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“…Some species of Penicillium, such as P. sclerotinum, produce sclerotiorin, a secondary metabolite with antibiotic properties, and γ-butyrolactone-containing molecules such as multicolic acid, which act as QSMs [30]. Taking into account that Gram-negative bacteria produced lactones (AHLs) as QSMs and that filamentous fungi produce butyrolactone I [31], γ-heptalactone [32], and γ-butyrolactones [33], the discovery that γ-butyrolactones are produced also by the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces [11] suggests a convergent evolution or a horizontal gene transfer occurring during the evolution [30]. At the same time, different fungi, such as basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, produce as QSMs some peptides, similar to how Gram-positive bacteria do.…”

Section: Qs In Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Microbial Communication

Nazzaro¹,

Fratianni²,

d’Acierno³

et al. 2020

Essential Oils - Oils of Nature

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The World Health Organization highlighted the increase in the resistance to conventional antibiotics for most pathogens and observed also a decrease of the threshold for all mechanisms of cell-cell microbial communication, leading to the formation of biofilms and to the increase of microbial pathogenicity. Scientific community is therefore oriented to the identification and study of alternative substances to antibiotics. In such context, substances of vegetal source, such as essential oils (EOs), always used in traditional medicine, stimulated-particularly in recent decades-the scientific world to discover and identify substances, intended as a mixture or single components capable to fight pathogenic microorganisms. From this point of view, the study of plants is very interesting and offers many interesting ideas and results. This brief chapter describes the basis of the microbial communication, until the formation of biofilm, and some mechanisms through which essential oils, or some of their main components, may decrease or inactivate the complex mechanisms that lead to pathogenicity, both of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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Is quorum sensing involved in lovastatin production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus?

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus—Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture?

Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus—Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture?

Quorum-Sensing Mechanisms Mediated by Farnesol in Ophiostoma piceae: Effect on Secretion of Sterol Esterase

Essential Oils and Microbial Communication

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