Is resistin a link between highly active antiretroviral therapy and fat redistribution in HIV-infected children?

Spagnuolo, M.I.; Bruzzese, Eugenia; Vallone, Gianfranco; Fasano, N.; Marco, G. De; Officioso, Arbace; Valerio, Giuliana; Volpicelli, M; Iorio, Roberto; Franzese, Adriana; Guarino, Alfredo

doi:10.1007/bf03345607

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, there is no consensus on resistin's role in metabolic dysregulation. Some investigators have shown a significant increase in circulating resistin after chronic alcohol exposure (59) and after HIV infection/ART regimen (28,48). In nonhuman primates, resistin levels have been shown to increase shortly after SIV infection when animals are fed an atherogenic diet before SIV inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic binge alcohol administration impairs glucose-insulin dynamics and decreases adiponectin in asymptomatic simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Ford

Simon

Stouwe

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) frequently exist among persons living with HIV/AIDS. Chronic alcohol consumption, HIV infection, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are independently associated with impairments in glucose-insulin dynamics. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) administration decreases body mass index, attenuates weight gain, and accentuates skeletal muscle wasting at end-stage disease in non-ART-treated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected male rhesus macaques. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CBA and ART alone or in combination alter body composition or glucose-insulin dynamics in SIV-infected male rhesus macaques during the asymptomatic phase of SIV infection. Daily CBA or sucrose (SUC) administration was initiated 3 mo before intrarectal SIV inoculation and continued until the study end point at 11 mo post-SIV infection. ART or placebo was initiated 2.5 mo after SIV infection and continued until study end point. Four treatment groups (SUC/SIV ± ART and CBA/SIV ± ART) were studied. CBA/SIV macaques had significantly decreased circulating adiponectin and resistin levels relative to SUC/SIV macaques and reduced disposition index and acute insulin response to glucose, insulin, and C-peptide release during frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, irrespective of ART status. No statistically significant differences were observed in homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values, body weight, total body fat, abdominal fat, or total lean mass or bone health among the four groups. These findings demonstrate CBA-mediated impairments in glucose-insulin dynamics and adipokine profile in asymptomatic SIV-infected macaques, irrespective of ART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic binge alcohol administration impairs glucose-insulin dynamics and decreases adiponectin in asymptomatic simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Ford

Simon

Stouwe

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…It has also been associated with unfavorable changes in body composition (lipodystrophy), which may occur de novo in untreated HIV-infected patients, but is more often seen in those receiving PIs. The accompanying increase in visceral fat is likely to contribute to IR, perhaps mediated by heightened production of resistin [9] and/or reduced production of adiponectin [10] by adipose tissue. Several studies have now established that direct inhibition of the insulin-responsive facilitative glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) is a primary mechanism by which PIs and NRTIs acutely alter peripheral glucose disposal [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance among Children and Adolescents Perinatally Infected with HIV-1 in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

et al. 2011

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Background/Aims: Because of prior inconsistent findings, we studied a large cohort of HIV-infected children to determine: (1) prevalence of insulin resistance (IR); (2) anthropometric and clinical correlates of IR, and (3) concomitant abnormalities of glucose tolerance. Methods: The study population consisted of 451 children from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. The outcome of interest was HOMA-IR. Covariates included demographic, metabolic, growth, body composition, HIV laboratory tests, and treatment characteristics. Children meeting triggers for IR underwent oral glucose tolerance tests and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements. Results: Among 402 children with glucose and insulin measurements, 15.2% had IR of whom 79% were pubertal. IR was associated with higher alanine aminotransferase, body mass index, and nadir CD4%, Tanner stage 5, and ever having received amprenavir. Of those with IR, three had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), three impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), one IFG and IGT, none diabetic glucose tolerance, and three HbA1c between 6.1 and 6.5%. Conclusion: In our cohort of HIV-infected adolescents, we observed a 15.2% prevalence of IR more closely linked to obesity than any other variable. This finding mirrors the high prevalence of obesity-mediated IR in American youth. However, associations with CD4 count and use of protease inhibitors may indicate some effect of HIV and/or its treatment.

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“…Increases in leptin may also be explained by so‐called leptin resistance [23]. Furthermore, the increase in circulating resistin levels may reflect fat redistribution, as it has been found to correlate with the amount of visceral fat [24]. However, we did not find an association of leptin or resistin with lipodystrophy or HOMA values, which only increased during the first year on HAART.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Adipokine profiles and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected children during the first 4 years on highly active antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2010

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ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the evolution of plasma adipokines and lipodystrophy in protease inhibitor-naïve vertically HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients and methodsWe carried out a multicentre retrospective study of 27 children during 48 months on HAART. Every 3 months, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, viral load (VL), cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins and adipokines were measured. Diagnoses of lipodystrophy were based on clinical examinations. ResultsWe found hypercholesterolaemia (4200 mg/dL) in 9.5, 30.4, 21.7, 14.3 and 13.3% of the subjects at months 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48, respectively, and hypertriglyceridaemia ( 4170 mg/dL) in 14.3, 8.3, 13, 4.5 and 0% at the same time-points. During follow-up, and especially at the end of the study, we found an increase in plasma resistin levels and significant increases in total plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, adiponectin, and leptin levels (Po0.05). We also observed slight increases in the leptin/adiponectin ratio, homeostatic model assessment, and C-peptide values during the first months of treatment followed by a moderate decrease or stabilization after 24 months on HAART. At the end of the study, 12 of the 27 children (44.4%) had lipodystrophy, 10 (37%) had lipoatrophy, and 11 (40.7%) had lipohypertrophy; and only three of the 27 children (11.1%) were diagnosed with lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy with scores ! 2.Conclusions HIV-infected children showed an increase in serum adipokine levels, but this was not associated with the emergence of lipodystrophy during 48 months on HAART.

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Is resistin a link between highly active antiretroviral therapy and fat redistribution in HIV-infected children?

Abstract: Fat redistribution occurred in most HIV-infected children undergoing PI therapy. Because serum resistin levels reflect the amount of visceral fat, they could be considered a sensitive marker of fat redistribution in HIV-infected children.

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Chronic binge alcohol administration impairs glucose-insulin dynamics and decreases adiponectin in asymptomatic simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Chronic binge alcohol administration impairs glucose-insulin dynamics and decreases adiponectin in asymptomatic simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance among Children and Adolescents Perinatally Infected with HIV-1 in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

Adipokine profiles and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected children during the first 4 years on highly active antiretroviral therapy

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