Is salivary epidermal growth factor a biomarker for oral leukoplakia? A preliminary study

Oral cancer arises as a result of multistep carcinogenic progress from precursor lesion to oral squamous cell carcinoma through collective mutational process occur in the stem cells of mucosal epithelium. The detection of such oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs)/cancer in subclinical level will greatly improve the prognosis of a patient. The highly specific and sensitive salivary biomarkers have functioned in detection, prediction, surveillance and therapeutic monitoring of the diseases of interest. The aim of the review is to appraise various salivary biomarkers for the clinical utility in OPMDs. An electronic web-supported search was performed via PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engine since the year 2015–2019. A total of 28 research articles were selected for the review after screening and assessment. The various genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and miscellaneous markers were analyzed and their characteristics and clinical application in OPMD patients were discussed. miR-21, miR-31, miR-84, H3F3A mRNA + IL-8P, matrix metalloproteinase-9, chemerin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-10, ornithine + O-hydroxybenzoate + R5F, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, Vitamin E and Vitamin C are identified as potential markers for OPMD patients. Scientifically validated, reliable and economical clinical biomarkers in OPMDs would serve as evidence-based treatment from patient point of view. Further longitudinal studies are needed to verify the accuracy and validate the applicability of these diagnostic/prognostic markers. Saliva has been reported as a valuable noninvasive valuable tool in biomarker identification. Recent advancements in salivary biomarker identification techniques lead to various potential biomarkers with precise outcome. The utilization of these biomarkers for the clinical application in OPMDs depends on the feasibility and personal choice of the clinician.

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“…The results are tabulated in Tables 1 and 2 . [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing the salivary panomics for the clinical application in oral potentially malignant disorders

Muthu

Narayanan

2021

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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“…Endothelins and growth factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have also been investigated in relation to oral leukoplasia. However, no significant relationship has been found between their salivary levels and the diagnosis or prognosis [ 80 , 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers In Saliva In Different Oral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies

Melguizo‐Rodríguez

Costela‐Ruiz

Manzano-Moreno

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Saliva is a highly versatile biological fluid that is easy to gather in a non-invasive manner—and the results of its analysis complement clinical and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. The objective of this review was to offer an update on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the oral cavity, including oral lichen planus, periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, oral leukoplakia, peri-implantitis, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Salivary biomarkers such as interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, and other biomolecules have proven useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases, facilitating the early evaluation of malignization risk and the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are required to identify new biomarkers and verify their reported role in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of oral diseases.

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“…Increased expression of the EGFR, as an intramembrane receptor, is associated with the occurrence of many cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [ 14 ]. Due to the important role of this receptor in signaling for the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of all types of cells, it is effective as a mitogen in maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells and on the other hand in carcinogenesis [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of epithelial growth factor receptor as a protein marker in oral reticular and erosive lichen planus

Keshani,

Kargahi,

Nikbakht

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease that is classified as a premalignant condition. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression and is overexpressed in several oral malignant disorders. Despite the association of EGFR overexpression with oral potentially malignant lesions, few studies have analyzed its expression in OLP, showing controversial results. This study aimed to compare the expression of EGFR as a protein marker in Reticular and Erosive OLP. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional was conducted on 15 paraffin blocks of reticular lichen planus lesions, 16 paraffin blocks of erosive OLP lesions, and 8 paraffin blocks of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia lesions as the control group (39 in total). After immunohistochemical staining for EGFR, samples were simultaneously observed by two maxillofacial pathologist, and the percentage of stained cells, intensity of staining, pattern of staining, and the location of stained cells were obtained. Results The Mann-Whitney-U test showed that there was no significant difference in the mean percentage of stained cells between erosive OLP and reticular OLP (P-value = 0.213) and between reticular OLP and control group (P-value = 0.137), but there was a significant difference between erosive OLP and control group (P-value = 0.035). Fisher’s exact test showed that there was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of staining patterns in three types of lesions (P-value = 0.90). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference between the intensity of staining in the three groups (P-value = 0.19) and also there was no significant difference between the location of stained cells in different layers of the epithelium in the three groups (P-value = 0.90). Conclusions The results of this study showed that in comparison of reticular OLP, erosive OLP, and the control group there was a significant difference just between erosive OLP and control group in the percentage of stained cells.

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Is salivary epidermal growth factor a biomarker for oral leukoplakia? A preliminary study

Abstract: Currently, it is not possible to indicate salivary EGF as a biomarker for OL. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of EGF in oral carcinogenesis. A follow-up study is necessary to evaluate the changes in EGF values following the surgical excision of OL.

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Recognizing the salivary panomics for the clinical application in oral potentially malignant disorders

Recognizing the salivary panomics for the clinical application in oral potentially malignant disorders

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies

Expression of epithelial growth factor receptor as a protein marker in oral reticular and erosive lichen planus

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