Is time‐restricted eating (8/16) beneficial for body weight and metabolism of obese and overweight adults? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

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Effectiveness of Time-Restricted Eating with Caloric Restriction vs. Caloric Restriction for Weight Loss and Health: Meta-Analysis

“…In our meta-analysis, the additional reduction in BW in the TRE group with CR did not result in additional reduction in FFM; the mean differences in FFM were not statistically significant between the TRE with CR group and the CR group. The results of a previous meta-analysis are in agreement with our results as they also showed a statistically significant difference regarding BW and FM loss without statistically significant effects on FFM in the TRE with CR vs. CR groups [20]. In individuals with obesity, weight loss is one of the most important strategies to improve health outcomes and prevent or eliminate obesity-related health complications.…”

“…Individual differences in genetic predisposition and metabolic response also influence outcomes [35]. Furthermore, it is also important to consider the limitations of the studies themselves [20,36,37]. We acknowledge that the present study also has some limitations.…”

“…When comparing TRE ad libitum with non-TRE ad libitum, previous studies showed a significant effect of TRE on lowering FG [24,31], whereas the effects of TRE on the lipid profile are less consistent. Some studies have shown no or negative effects on lipid profile [16,20], while others have indicated positive changes in certain lipid profiles [32,33]. A meta-analysis by Liu showed that neither eTRE nor lTRE had a significant effect on lipid profiles in obese or overweight individuals with normal lipid profiles [24].…”

“…However, the main strength of our meta-analysis compared to other meta-analyses on this topic is that we used only homogeneous studies that included asymptomatic individuals who were overweight or obese with or without components of metabolic syndrome but without chronic diseases and in which fasting time ranged from 14-16 h and study duration was 2-4 months. This approach allowed us to minimize the large heterogeneity of the results, knowing that, for example, the response of individuals with diabetes or some other disorders may be different [20,36,38,39]. In addition, there is also a major problem in interpreting the results more accurately due to the different lengths of the time windows for eating and fasting (8:16-12:12) and, consequently, the small difference between the intervention group and the control group (2 h) [37].…”

Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Obese Male Mice

“…As an alternative to dieting, restricting when calories are ingested (time-restricted eating, TRE) rather than the quantity or quality of calories is an attractive option [20][21][22][23]. Time-restricted eating is a dietary regimen in which food intake is restricted to a particular number of hours per day, typically 6-12 h in alignment with circadian rhythms and without any calorie reduction or change in diet [20,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. TRE is gaining popularity as a new intervention for improved metabolic health and weight control.…”