Is Seeing Believing? The Process of Change During Cognitive–behavioural Therapy for Distressing Visual Hallucinations

Wilson, Rea; Collerton, Daniel; Freeston, Mark H.; Christodoulides, Thomas; Dudley, Robert

doi:10.1002/cpp.1962

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although visual hallucinations occurred at a lower prevalence than auditory hallucinations, and for many patients were a memory rather than a current phenomenon, they are often distressing (Dudley et al, 2012) and, at present, there is no evidence base supporting specific interventions for visual hallucinations in psychosis (Wilson et al, 2015). Further research examining the efficacy of novel treatments for visual hallucinations is required (Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Hallucinations In Schizophrenia 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

McCarthy-Jones

Smailes

Corvin

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

Self Cite

117

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It is not only unclear why hallucinations in schizophrenia occur with different prevalence by modality, but also to what extent they do. Reliable prevalence estimates of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia are currently lacking, particularly for non-auditory hallucinations. Studies have also tended to report lifetime, not point prevalence by modality. This study assessed the prevalence and co-occurrence of hallucinations, for both lifetime and point prevalence, across the auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile modalities, in people diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Ireland (N=693) and Australia (N=218). Lifetime prevalence was 64-80% auditory, 23-31% visual, 9-19% tactile, and 6-10% olfactory. Past month prevalence was 23-27% auditory, 5-8% visual, 4-7% tactile, and 2% olfactory. The majority of participants had only hallucinated in one modality, with this nearly always being the auditory. Approximately one-third had hallucinated in two modalities, most commonly the auditory and visual. Most currently hallucinating patients also hallucinated in a single modality, again, nearly always the auditory. Whereas 30-37% of patients with lifetime auditory hallucinations had experienced visual hallucinations, 83-97% of patients with experience of visual hallucinations had experienced auditory hallucinations. These findings help delineate the modality distribution of hallucinations in schizophrenia, and provide an explanatory target for theoretical models.

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Section: Hallucinations In Schizophrenia 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

McCarthy-Jones

Smailes

Corvin

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

Self Cite

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Possible clinical implications of this work are that a brief normalising rationale that explains that visions are common, and are a result of impaired perceptual processes may be helpful and reduce distress in people with ED, or PD. Where there is cognitive impairment or particularly in people with psychosis, where multimodality is common and conviction and distress are high, it may be that normalisation alone may be insufficient and a number of reality testing approaches are needed to help the person learn that their vision cannot cause them harm, and that they are safe (Wilson et al, 2016). <0.001 Z,B,C,D,E,F , 0.601 A , 0.013 C n = 2 ¥ n = 39 ¥ n = 18 ¥ n = 22 ¥ Olfactory (%) 0 (0) 1 (2.6) 1 (5.6) 6 (27.3) Data are n (%); Statistics are chi-square (χ 2 ) or Fisher's exact tests; ED = Eye disease; PD = Parkinson's disease; LBD = Lewy body dementia; MMH = multimodal hallucinations Z comparison across all groups: df = 3; A ED vs. PD: df = 1; B ED vs. LBD: df = 1; C PD vs. LBD: df = 1; D ED vs. Psychosis, df =1; E PD vs. Psychosis, df =1;…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of visual hallucinations across disorders

Dudley

Aynsworth

Mosimann

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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Highlights  Visual hallucinations occur to differing degrees across disorders  Hallucinations are usually considered as occurring in a single modality  We examined hallucinations in people with eye disease, psychosis, and dementia.  We found that single modality hallucinations varied in prevalence across disorders  Multisensory experiences are more distressing and more likely to be considered real

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“…Hence, such approaches can inform not only if the treatment works, but can help identify the possible mechanism by which it works; the neglect of which is a criticism of the research on CBT for psychosis (Thomas, 2015). Wilson et al (2016) reported that the treatment was acceptable, and individuals who had good outcomes showed the expected change on appraisals of threat. However, the work was limited in terms of the therapy and methodology.…”

Section: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy For Vhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A semi-structured interview was used to capture the participants' experiences of therapy, including acceptability, and any beneficial or adverse effects of treatment. It was based on The Change Interview (Elliot et al, 2001) and the work of Wilson et al (2016). The interview was completed once at the end of the intervention phase.…”

Section: Post-treatment Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavioural therapy for visual hallucinations: an investigation using a single-case experimental design

Thomson

Wilson²,

Collerton³

et al. 2017

tCBT

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There has been limited application of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to the treatment of distressing visual hallucinations (VH) in people with psychosis. Preliminary research applying interventions to a novel presenting issue are enhanced by utilizing designs that allow strong inferences to be made about the effect of the intervention. Hence, this study aimed to measure change in appraisal, affect, and behaviour as a consequence of CBT VH, to improve understanding of the process of change. A multiple-baseline experimental single-case design methodology was used with five participants who received a CBT VH treatment package. Participants used daily diary measures to record appraisals, affect, and behaviours related to the distressing VH. Standardized measures were completed at each phase change. Four individuals completed therapy. Formal visual analysis of the data supported by statistical analysis indicated significant changes for appraisal and affect, with replication across three participants. Changes in frequency of VH were reported in two cases. Change was not evident on the standardized measures. This study replicates and extends the findings in showing potential value of CBT VH. Further research should consider alternative methods of capturing behavioural change. Attempts should also be made to replicate across therapists and centres.

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Is Seeing Believing? The Process of Change During Cognitive–behavioural Therapy for Distressing Visual Hallucinations

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

A comparison of visual hallucinations across disorders

Cognitive behavioural therapy for visual hallucinations: an investigation using a single-case experimental design

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