Is semen polymorphonuclear leucocytes count a good predictor of male genital tract infection?

Chen, Lihang; Yu, Shaojie; Rajesh, Hemashree

doi:10.11622/smedj.2013126

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[12] Numerous studies have shown that leukocytes are powerful producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may have detrimental effects on sperm function and sperm DNA integrity. [1314] Despite the WHO[4] recognizing that the presence of leukocytes is indicative of an infection, several studies[1516] found that the detection of leukocytospermia and asymptomatic bacteriospermia is of no diagnostic value for the identification of men with acute bacterial infections and abnormal semen parameters, respectively. Reasons for this unexpected finding might be a possible delay in the deleterious actions of ROS produced by leukocytes due to their neutralization by antioxidants.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Fertility Potential Of Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections

Solomon

Henkel

2017

Indian J Urol

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The male factor contributes approximately 50% to infertility-related cases in couples with an estimated 12%–35% of these cases attributable to male genital tract infections. Depending on the nature of the infection, testicular sperm production, sperm transport, and sperm function can be compromised. Yet, infections are potentially treatable causes of infertility. Male genital tract infections are increasingly difficult to detect. Moreover, they often remain asymptomatic (“silent”) with the result that they are then passed on to the relevant sexual partner leading to fertilization and pregnancy failure as well as illness of the offspring. With the worldwide increasing problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens, proper diagnosis and therapy of the patient is important. This testing, however, should include not only aerobic microbes but also anaerobic as these can be found in almost all ejaculates with about 71% being potentially pathogenic. Therefore, in cases of any indication of a male genital tract infection, a semen culture should be carried out, particularly in patients with questionable semen quality. Globally, an estimate of 340 million new infections with sexually transmitted pathogens is recorded annually. Among these, the most prevalent pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis. Escherichia coli are considered the most common nonsexually transmitted urogenital tract microbes. These pathogens cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis and contribute to increased seminal leukocyte concentrations.

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Section: Factors Influencing the Fertility Potential Of Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections

Solomon

Henkel

2017

Indian J Urol

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“…Similarly, Gallegos et al (2008) observed that patients with GM had increased sperm DNA damage despite the absence of leucocytospermia. The finding of low levels of leucocytes in infected samples is not altogether unexpected as previous studies indicated leucocyte concentrations are poorly predictive of seminal microorganisms (Chen et al, 2013; Hillier et al, 1990). Furthermore, OS associated with chronic prostatitis is independent of leucocytospermia (Nickel et al, 2003; Pasqualotto et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men

Vaughan-Constable

Ramsay

et al. 2021

Andrologia

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An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is emerging as a contributing factor to male infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genitourinary microorganisms and seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters. It included 770 men attending for diagnostic testing for subfertility. Genitourinary microorganisms were identified in 43.0% men; 20.1% had microorganisms in semen; 18.7% in urine; and 5.8% had microorganisms in urine and semen. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent organism in semen (22.0% samples; 61.5% organisms) with Ureaplasma spp. (16.9% samples; 53.3% organisms) and Gardnerella vaginalis (11.4% samples; 37.4% organisms) most prevalent in urine. Semen parameters were unaffected by microorganisms (p > 0.05). Seminal ROS were significantly higher in men with microorganisms compared to those without (p < 0.001), particularly when present in both urine and semen (p < 0.01). Microorganisms were associated with significantly higher DNA fragmentation, irrespective of whether they were in semen or urine (p < 0.001). An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is associated with DNA damage and oxidative stress which may have considerable consequences for achieving an ongoing pregnancy. This highlights the need for incorporating genitourinary microorganism screening for all men as part of diagnostic evaluation prior to undergoing treatment for infertility.

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“…1 This association remains controversial since high concentrations of semen leukocytes were also reported in the absence of inflammatory symptoms or microbial infection. 2 Although semen leukocytes are essential to remove pathogens and abnormal cells from seminal fluid, their presence at high concentrations can hurt semen quality. Some studies suggested that LCS decreased sperm motility and count while others reported a high frequency of altered spermatozoon associated with LCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Leukocytospermia on Semen Parameters and the Outcome of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Hannachi¹,

Elloumi²,

Khlifa³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infertility &Amp; Fetal Medicine

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Background: Leukocytospermia (LCS) is implicated in male infertility since it was found in 30% of the infertile male. However, its influence on semen parameters remains controversial. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of LCS on semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) results in infertile couples. Materials and methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted at Aziza Othmana Hospital of Tunis. Sperm parameters from infertile men were studied for volume, motility, vitality, and morphology according to seminal leukocytes. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection results were also compared to those observed in a control group matched by age, ICSI indication, hormonal profile, and endometrium thickness. Results: No statistical difference was observed for all semen characteristics except the volume which was higher for the non-leukospermic group (p = 0.035). Conclusion:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes were lower in the leukospermic group than the controls but the difference was not statistically significant.

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Is semen polymorphonuclear leucocytes count a good predictor of male genital tract infection?

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections

Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections

The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men

Influence of Leukocytospermia on Semen Parameters and the Outcome of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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