Is separate the new equal? A meta‐analytic review of correlates of intimate partner violence victimization for Black and White women in the United States

Abstract

Black women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at higher rates than White women, and are more likely to experience more serious injuries, serious mental health diagnoses, or even death as consequences of IPV. Most research on factors associated with physical IPV does not primarily focus on Black women experiencing IPV. To be able to offer targeted intervention and prevention services, understanding unique correlates is critical. To address these discrepancies and better conceptualize factors associated with IPV for Black women, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine correlates for male physical IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization among predominantly Black samples. Next, strengths of correlates for male IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization were compared between Black and White samples. From an original pool of 759 articles examining correlates for IPV perpetration and victimization, 21 articles were usable that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of Black participants and 80 articles that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of White participants. Five significant correlates for male perpetration and seven significant correlates for female victimization in predominantly Black samples were identified. Comparisons for male perpetration/female victimization between predominantly White and Black samples were conducted for nine correlates, and one-third of these correlates (male emotional abuse

COVID-19-Related Stress and Its Association with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization

“…Similarly, the majority of the sample identified as heterosexual, which limits the generalizability of the findings to the LGBT+ community. Research indicates that the risk factors for IPV perpetration and victimization significantly vary in regard to race [43] and sexual orientation, and that there are unique risk factors for these populations as well [44]. Future research would benefit from examining other populations to examine whether COVID-19 stressors had similar or differing impacts on IPV perpetration and victimization among these populations.…”

Factors Associated with Non-Fatal Strangulation Victimization in Intimate Relationships: A Meta-Analysis

“…Additionally, additional research regarding intersecting identities, such as gender, race, education, social location, and economic status are needed to identify individuals at increased risk of experiencing non-fatal strangulation to potentially enhance services and resources for survivors. Evidence suggests these type of demographic factors, like racial identity, may influence the strength and relevance of risk factors association IPV (Kelly et al, 2022) and thus non-fatal strangulation, making them important factors to consider and attend to.…”

Practical Implications of Research on Intimate Partner Violence Experiences for the Mental Health Clinician

“…Some groups are particularly vulnerable to IPV experiences and impacts, principally those that experience intersecting social determinants of health (e.g., housing insecurity, childhood abuse, low income, and educational access). Individuals already marginalized by economics, discrimination, racism, heterosexism, and increased adversity and trauma are more likely to experience IPV [48][49][50][51][52]. For example, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ +) and black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience IPV at high rates while also experiencing oppression and discrimination [48,49,53,54].…”