Is skinfold thickness as good as DXA when measuring adiposity contributions to insulin resistance in adolescents?

Addo, O Yaw; Pereira, Mark A.; Himes, John H.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22321

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…19 Although BMI is the most commonly used proxy for determining adiposity in youths, indices such as sum of skin folds or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry are considered gold standards. 20 The proportions of overweight (16.3%) and obese (5.2%) youths in the current study are slightly lower than expected on the basis of national Canadian data, 7 although evidence has suggested that adolescents may underestimate their weight in self-reported data, particularly those who are overweight. 21 This may result in a low BMI calculation and misclassification (e.g., overweight classified as normal weight).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Association between Body Composition and Sport Injury in Canadian Adolescents

Ezzat

Schneeberg

Koehoorn

et al. 2016

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: To examine the association between overweight or obesity and sport injury in a population-based sample of Canadian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed using the Canadian Community Health Survey (2009–2010), a nationally representative sample (n=12,407) of adolescents aged 12–19 years. Body composition was quantified using BMI, grouping participants into healthy weight, overweight, or obese. The outcome of interest was acute or repetitive strain injury sustained during sport in the previous year. We examined the relationship between sport injury and overweight or obesity compared with healthy weight using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sex, ethnicity, physical activity, and socio-economic status. We also examined the interaction between physical activity and body composition in a secondary analysis with a subset of active adolescents. Results: No significant relationship was found between being overweight and sport injury (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.17); however, a protective effect was seen between obesity and sport injury (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.84). Secondary analysis revealed that overweight youths with the highest activity level (quartile 4) did have increased odds of sport injury (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.83), yet obese youths with a moderate activity level (quartile 2) were protected compared with healthy-weight youths (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.91). Conclusions: Further examination of active adolescents is warranted. Studies should consider sport-specific differences and comprehensive measurement of exposure to sport.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Association between Body Composition and Sport Injury in Canadian Adolescents

Ezzat

Schneeberg

Koehoorn

et al. 2016

Physiotherapy Canada

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“…In addition, birth weight alone cannot distinguish between appropriate body composition or excessive fat stores. Using a combination of skinfold thickness [36,47], ponderal index [32], leanness and birth shape [33], we have shown for the first time that, in addition to birth weight, markers of adiposity are associated with increased aortic IMT; and conversely, that leanness is associated with decreased aortic IMT. Importantly, even after adjustment for birth weight and aortic size, the association between birth skinfold thickness and aortic IMT persisted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Infant adiposity at birth and early postnatal weight gain predict increased aortic intima-media thickness at 6 weeks of age: a population-derived cohort study

et al. 2016

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Infant body composition and postnatal weight gain have been implicated in the development of adult obesity and cardiovascular disease, but there are limited prospective data regarding the association between infant adiposity, postnatal growth and early cardiovascular parameters. Increased aortic intima-media thickness (aortic IMT) is an intermediate phenotype of early atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between weight and adiposity at birth, postnatal growth and aortic IMT. The Barwon Infant Study (n=1074 mother-infant pairs) is a population-derived birth cohort. Infant weight and other anthropometry were measured at birth and 6 weeks of age. Aortic IMT was measured by trans-abdominal ultrasound at 6 weeks of age (n=835). After adjustment for aortic size and other factors, markers of adiposity including increased birth weight (β=19.9 μm/kg, 95%CI 11.1, 28.6; P<0.001) and birth skinfold thickness (β=6.9 μm/mm, 95%CI 3.3, 10.5; P<0.001) were associated with aortic IMT at 6 weeks. The association between birth skinfold thickness and aortic IMT was independent of birth weight. In addition, greater postnatal weight gain was associated with increased aortic IMT, independent of birth weight and age at time of scan (β=11.3 μm/kg increase, 95%CI 2.2, 20.3; P=0.01). Increased infant weight and adiposity at birth, as well as increased early weight gain, were positively associated with aortic IMT. Excessive accumulation of adiposity during gestation and early infancy may have adverse effects on cardiovascular risk.

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“…percentage body fat) and could perhaps be indicative of the phenomenon of increasing anthropometric measurements. A study conducted in 2012 by Addo et al among adolescents in the United States showed that skinfolds (tricep and subscapular) were able to identify individuals at risk of developing IR [ 89 ]. The sum of skinfolds could perhaps be used as a marker to identify those at risk of developing IR, which may be prudent in populations that do not exhibit typical metabolic syndrome-like characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between tuberculosis and the development of insulin resistance in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western sub-district of the Cape Metropole region, South Africa: a combined cross-sectional, cohort study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe existence of a bi-directional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes has been alluded to in literature. Although diabetes has been linked to increased tuberculosis risk, the relationship between tuberculosis as a causative factor for IR remains unclear. The study aimed to determine if an association existed between tuberculosis and IR development in adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis at baseline. It was additionally aimed to document changes in IR status during TB follow-up periods.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated ambulatory participants at baseline for IR prevalence via anthropometry, biochemistry and diagnostic IR tests [homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)]. A prospective cohort sub-section study was additionally performed on approximately half of the baseline study population, who were followed-up at two and five months whilst on tuberculosis treatment. Summary statistics, correlation co-efficients and appropriate analysis of variance were used to describe and analyse data. Participants were excluded if they presented with other forms of tuberculosis, were HIV-positive, obese or had any pre-disposing IR conditions such as diabetes or metabolic syndrome.ResultsFifty-nine participants were included from August 2013 until December 2014 (33.95 ± 12.02 years old; 81.4% male). IR prevalence was 25.4% at baseline, determined by a calculated HOMA-IR cut-off point of 2.477. Patients with IR were younger (p = 0.04). Although the difference between IR levels in participants between baseline and follow-up was not significant, a decrease was observed over time. The majority of participants (61.0%) presented with a normal BMI at baseline. Mean baseline values of fasting glucose were within normal ranges (4.82 ± 0.80 mmol/L), whereas increased mean CRP levels (60.18 ± 50.92 mg/L) and decreased mean HDL-cholesterol levels (males: 0.94 ± 0.88 mmol/L; females: 1.14 ± 0.88 mmol/L) were found.ConclusionsThe study found an association between tuberculosis and IR development in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Although not significant, IR levels decreased over time, which could be indicative of a clinical improvement. A high prevalence of IR amongst young tuberculosis patients therefore highlights the need for early identification in order to facilitate a reversal of IR and prevent possible IR-related complications.

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Is skinfold thickness as good as DXA when measuring adiposity contributions to insulin resistance in adolescents?

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Association between Body Composition and Sport Injury in Canadian Adolescents

Association between Body Composition and Sport Injury in Canadian Adolescents

Infant adiposity at birth and early postnatal weight gain predict increased aortic intima-media thickness at 6 weeks of age: a population-derived cohort study

The association between tuberculosis and the development of insulin resistance in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western sub-district of the Cape Metropole region, South Africa: a combined cross-sectional, cohort study

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