Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook–depression relations

Yoon, Sunkyung; Kleinman, Mary; Mertz, Jessica; Brannick, Michael Τ.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.026

Cited by 252 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Individuals who used SBDAs daily and those who had used them for more than a year were both found to have statistically significantly higher rates of psychological distress and depression; this is a similar trend to that found with greater duration and frequency of social media use [15,23]. These findings suggest that the impact of SBDA use on users' mental health and wellbeing may be dose-dependent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…A meta-analysis by Yoon et al found a significant association between total time spent on social media and frequency of use with higher levels of depression [23]. This analysis also found that social comparisons made on social media had a greater relationship with depression levels than the overall level of use [23], providing a possible mediator of effect of social media on mental health, and one that may be present in SBDAs as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Other studies have investigated other aspects of use, beyond frequency and intensity; 'problematic' Facebook use, defined as Facebook use with addictive components similar to gambling addiction, has been associated with increased depressive symptoms and psychological distress [20,21]. A study of [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] year olds by Stapleton et al found that while Instagram use did not directly impact user selfesteem, engaging in social comparison and validation-seeking via Instagram did negatively impact self-esteem [22]. A meta-analysis by Yoon et al found a significant association between total time spent on social media and frequency of use with higher levels of depression [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] year olds by Stapleton et al found that while Instagram use did not directly impact user selfesteem, engaging in social comparison and validation-seeking via Instagram did negatively impact self-esteem [22]. A meta-analysis by Yoon et al found a significant association between total time spent on social media and frequency of use with higher levels of depression [23]. This analysis also found that social comparisons made on social media had a greater relationship with depression levels than the overall level of use [23], providing a possible mediator of effect of social media on mental health, and one that may be present in SBDAs as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing research on the connection between social media use and mental health outcomes suggests that the way these applications and websites are used (to compare [22,23]; to seek validation [22]; with additive components [20,21]) is more significant than the frequency or time spent doing so. This validation-seeking is also seen in SBDAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swipe-based dating applications use and its association with mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Swipe-Based Dating Applications (SBDAs) function similarly to other social media and online dating platforms but have the unique feature of "swiping" the screen to either like or dislike another user's profile. There is a lack of research into the relationship between SBDAs and mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to study whether adult SBDA users report higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and lower self-esteem, compared to people who do not use SBDAs. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 437 participants. Mental health (MH) outcomes included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-2 scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios of having a MH condition. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used with an apriori model which considered all four mental health scores together in a single analysis. The apriori model included user status, age and gender. Results: Thirty percent were current SBDA users. The majority of users and past users had met people face-to-face, with 26.1%(60/230) having met > 5 people, and only 22.6%(52/230) having never arranged a meeting. Almost 40%(39.1%; 90/230) had previously entered into a serious relationship with someone they had met on a SBDA. More participants reported a positive impact on self-esteem as a result of SBDA use (40.4%; 93/230), than a negative impact (28.7%;66/230). Being a SBDA user was significantly associated with having psychological distress (OR = 2.51,95%CI (1.32-4.77)), p = 0.001), and depression (OR = 1.91,95%CI (1.04-3.52), p = 0.037) in the multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender and sexual orientation. When the four MH scores were analysed together there was a significant difference (p = 0.037) between being a user or non-user, with SDBA users having significantly higher mean scores for distress (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.015) and depression (p = 0.005). Increased frequency of use and longer duration of use were both associated with greater psychological distress and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SBDA use is common and users report higher levels of depression, anxiety and distress compared to those who do not use the applications. Further studies are needed to determine causality and investigate specific patterns of SBDA use that are detrimental to mental health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swipe-based dating applications use and its association with mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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#SocialMediaWellness: Exploring a research agenda and conceptualization for healthy social media consumption

Mertz

Hass

Anderson

et al. 2023

J of Consumer Behaviour

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The crossroads of scholar and marketer concerns related to healthy social media usage is where this study extends the burgeoning literature on consumer well‐being in the digital area by exploring the topic of social media wellness, made more salient during the pandemic era. Consumers spend increasing amounts of time on social media despite experiencing numerous negative repercussions. Various disciplines have contributed to the examination of this topic; however, scant research has been conducted within the consumer research or marketing disciplines. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light on the need for social media wellness by (1) highlighting issues related to social media consumption, (2) introducing a conceptual definition of social media wellness, (3) exploring consumers' perceptions and experiences of social media usage through topic analysis, and (4) providing a research agenda for scholars to pursue. Following an exploratory observation of common topics surrounding social media wellness, specific hashtags and their corresponding posts were gathered from Twitter and then examined using the topic modeling method Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Implications and future research are discussed accordingly.

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Which social media platforms matter and for whom? Examining moderators of links between adolescents' social media use and depressive symptoms

Gentzler,

Hughes,

Johnston

et al. 2023

Journal of Adolescence

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IntroductionDespite extensive research on social media and risks for mental health, not enough is known about individual differences in these risks.MethodsThe present study, with data collected from 2018 to 2020, investigated the association between social media use (total and for specific platforms) and depressive symptoms in a sample of 237 American adolescents (Mage = 15.10; SD = 0.49; 51.1% girls and 48.5% boys). We investigated several moderators: gender, self‐esteem, personality, and negative reactions to social media. Covariates were gender, timing of the follow‐up (pre vs. during the pandemic), and depressive symptoms a year earlier.ResultsResults indicated that greater total time spent on social media was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This effect held for Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube (but not Snapchat, Facebook, or Twitter). Several moderated effects were found. Twitter was associated with more depressive symptoms for girls but not boys. More frequent Instagram use was linked to more depressive symptoms for less or average‐level extraverted teens but not for more extraverted teens, suggesting extraversion may be protective. More frequent TikTok use was associated with more depressive symptoms, particularly for teens who said they have more or average‐level negative reactions to social media a year earlier.ConclusionsThis study suggests that certain adolescents may be at increased risk for serious mental health challenges, like elevated depressive symptoms, when using TikTok, Instagram, or Twitter more frequently, underscoring the importance of examining individual differences and particular social media platforms.

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Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook–depression relations

Cited by 252 publications

References 27 publications

Swipe-based dating applications use and its association with mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study

Swipe-based dating applications use and its association with mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study

#SocialMediaWellness: Exploring a research agenda and conceptualization for healthy social media consumption

Which social media platforms matter and for whom? Examining moderators of links between adolescents' social media use and depressive symptoms

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