Is ‘Spiritual but Not Religious’ a Replacement for Religion or Just One Step on the Path between Religion and Non-religion?

Marshall, Joey; Olson, Daniel V. A.

doi:10.1007/s13644-018-0342-9

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, in the last decades, the distinction between spirituality and religiosity has been gaining more representativeness associated with the “new age” movement, which brought the approach of spirituality unrelated to religion, with the increase in the number of people who declare themselves atheist and “ spiritual but not religious ,” a group identified by Zinnbauer et al (1997) , Koenig (2008) and Zimmer et al (2016) which can be understood as composed by individuals with a comprehensive spirituality connection, presenting a rather personal nature of spirituality ( Marshall and Olson, 2018 ; Wixwat and Saucier, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

et al. 2021

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Objective: To investigate the definitions of spirituality in the healthcare field, identifying its main dimensions and proposing a framework that operationalizes the understanding of this concept.Methods: This is a systematic review following the PRISMA guideline (PROSPERO: CRD42021262091), searching for spirituality definitions published in scientific journals. Searches were carried out in PubMed (all articles listed up to October 2020) and in the reference lists of the articles found in the database, followed by selection under specific eligibility criteria.Results: From a total of 493 articles, 166 were included in the final analysis, showing that there is a large body of scientific literature proposing and analyzing spirituality definitions. In these articles, 24 spirituality dimensions were found, most commonly related to the connectedness and meaning of life. Spirituality was presented as a human and individual aspect. These findings led us to construct a framework that represents spirituality as a quantifiable construct.Conclusions: Understanding spirituality is an important aspect for healthcare research and clinical practice. This proposed framework may help to better understand the complexity of this topic, where advances are desirable, given the relevance it has acquired for integral health care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

et al. 2021

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“…As our findings do not lend themselves to answering this question, we are unable to put an end to this ongoing debate among sociologists of religion. Marshall and Olson (2018) have recently raised the same question, namely whether self-identifying as “‘spiritual but not religious’ is becoming a replacement for religion or is it more likely just one step on the path between religion and non-religion?”6 (516) Their analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the United States and Scandinavia led them to conclude that “both possibilities […] seem somewhat plausible” (Idem). However, they were unable to say which of the two scenarios is more likely than the other.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smaller Pie with a Different Taste: The Evolution of the Western-European Religious Landscape (European Values Study, 1981–2017)

Tromp¹,

Pless²,

Houtman³

2022

Review of Religious Research

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Background The thesis of religious decline, central to secularization theory, has become massively contested among social-scientific students of religion. Its critics observe not so much decline, but rather change in the religious landscape of Western Europe, in effect pointing out that the decline of Christianity's traditional institutional, doctrinal and ritual dimensions should not be mistaken for a decline of religion tout court. Purpose In this research note, we address this ongoing debate among sociologists of religion by studying whether traditional Christian religiosity has declined in Western Europe over the past four decades, and whether the same applies to religiosity more broadly conceived. Methods To examine these trends over time, we analyze data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) for nineteen Western-European countries. More specifically, we carry out multi-level linear- and multi-level logistic regression analyses. Results We demonstrate that both traditional Christian religiosity and religiosity more broadly conceived have declined, with the former declining at a much higher pace than the latter. We also find that those who continue to be religious and/or spiritual deviate increasingly from the traditional Christian model. Thus, when one does encounter religiosity, it is much more likely to be non-traditional religiosity than was true in the past. Conclusions and Implications We conclude that religion has declined, whether one understands it narrowly as traditional Christian religiosity, or more broadly. Even though new forms of religiosity and spirituality cannot compensate for the loss in traditional Christian religiosity, they do make up an increasing portion of the overall declining religious pie. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) and make an urgent call for better survey data, especially by including more suitable questions with which to measure types of religiosity and/or spirituality that deviate from the traditional Christian model.

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“…Another limitation is that this research uses church attendance to represent involvement in a church. As Joey Marshall and Daniel V. A. Olson (2018a) have noted, church attendance alone may be insufficient for measuring involvement. Latter-day Saints have rituals and responsibilities such as ministering or scripture study, which are also aspects of church involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Disassociation with a Majority Religion Influence Community Desirability? Evidence from Rural Utah

Andre

Sanders

Cope

et al. 2021

Sociological Perspectives

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This study examines how disassociation with a majority religion influences subjective perception of community desirability in rural communities. Current community literature shows that religious affiliation identification can influence community sentiment, while other studies suggest the possibility of either mixed or inconclusive results. To further clarify the relationship between religious affiliation and community desirability, we draw upon data from the 2017 Rural Utah Community Study. We find that even when accounting for the length of residence, age, and perception of local services, a resident’s religious affiliation continues to be associated with community desirability. These findings have potential implications for understanding other communities with a large, singular religious presence.

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Is ‘Spiritual but Not Religious’ a Replacement for Religion or Just One Step on the Path between Religion and Non-religion?

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

A Smaller Pie with a Different Taste: The Evolution of the Western-European Religious Landscape (European Values Study, 1981–2017)

Does Disassociation with a Majority Religion Influence Community Desirability? Evidence from Rural Utah

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