Is sport enough? Contribution of sport to overall moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity among adolescents

Koorts, Harriet; Timperio, Anna; Arundell, Lauren; Parker, Kate; Abbott, Gavin; Salmon, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.06.009

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…[ 48 , 49 ] Therefore, although school-based PA interventions provide a beneficial approach and resources to improve PA, these cannot provide sufficient intensity to ensure health benefits. [ 50 ] In addition, this study also found that the replacement of LPA by MVPA also had a positive effect on CRF in children and adolescents. The results of this study suggest that physical education teachers or leaders of sports clubs should pay close attention to the monitoring of the proportion of LPA and MVPA when organizing sports activities and should try to reasonably increase the proportion of MVPA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior for physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents

Sun

Yin

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Both sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and independent of each other. Due to the limited time during school for children and adolescents, it is necessary to explore the isotemporal substitution of SB for PA on CRF. A total 536 eligible participants selected from the 7 traditional administrative regions of China were included in this study. The outcome was CRF, determined using a 20-meter shuttle run test, and exposures were SB, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured with accelerometers. We analyzed the cross-sectional associations of substituting SB with LPA, MVPA, and combinations of LPA and MVPA with CRF, using an isotemporal substitution model. Reallocating SB into MVPA was associated with higher CRF for male ( P < .01) and female ( P < .01) children and female adolescents ( P < .05). In the mixed redistribution, the ratio of LPA to MVPA for male children and female adolescents started from 16:4 and 14:6, respectively, tended toward improvements in CRF. For female children, regardless of the ratio of LPA to MVPA, it was always associated with higher CRF. Reallocating SB into MVPA isotemporally was positively associated with CRF for male and female children and female adolescents but not for male adolescents. MVPA is the key factor to improve CRF when combinations of LPA and MVPA replace SB. The combined approach can provide basis for the selection of target and monitoring variables in intervention studies, and has more flexible choices for improving CRF that are more consistent with the daily PA habits of children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior for physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents

Sun

Yin

et al. 2020

Medicine

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“…Participation in ball games in particular has been associated with improved fitness due to the high amount of vigorous PA along with the versatility of training [41,45,51]. Given the association between club sports participation and vigorous PA [52,53], Koorts et al have argued that club sports could have considerable long-term effects, even in the absence of significant contributions to total PA [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Club Sports Participation and Physical Fitness across 6- to 14-Year-Old Austrian Youth

Drenowatz

Greier

Ruedl

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Changes in social and built environments most likely contribute to a decline in physical activity (PA) and physical fitness in children and adolescents. Organized sports may be an important component in ensuring adequate fitness, which is an important aspect in general health and well-being. The present study examines differences by club sports participation in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, power, speed, agility, flexibility and balance in 3293 (55.1% male) Austrian children and adolescents between 6 and 14 years of age. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were taken and participants completed the German motor test during regular class time. Even though there was no significant difference in body weight between club sports participants and non-club sports participants, club sports participation was associated with higher physical fitness, particularly regarding endurance, strength, power, and agility. Differences by club sports participation, however, declined during the elementary school years (6–10 years of age), while they became more pronounced during middle school years (10–14 years of age). Club sports participation, therefore, may be a viable option in the promotion of physical fitness, particularly during adolescence. At younger ages, other sources of PA, such as physical education and free play, however, should be considered to ensure sufficient fitness levels that contribute to a healthy and active lifestyle.

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“…The World Health Organisation (WHO) classified processed meat as “carcinogenic to humans” and red meat as “potentially carcinogenic to humans” referring to the evidence-based association between an extensive red meat consumption and increased risk of advanced PCa [ 106 ]. While several studies have reported a positive association between processed red meat consumption and risk of advanced and/or fatal PCa [ 107 ], others concluded no direct association [ 108 ]. Obviously individualised patient profiling and precise patient stratification are essential for PCa-related data interpretation as stated above (see “PCa as a multi-factorial disease: general view”).…”

Section: Modifiable (Preventable) Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer management: long-term beliefs, epidemic developments in the early twenty-first century and 3PM dimensional solutions

Kučera¹,

Pecen²,

Topolčan³

et al. 2020

EPMA Journal

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In the early twenty-first century, societies around the world are facing the paradoxal epidemic development of PCa as a non-communicable disease. PCa is the most frequently diagnosed cancer for men in several countries such as the USA. Permanently improving diagnostics and treatments in the PCa management causes an impressive divergence between, on one hand, permanently increasing numbers of diagnosed PCa cases and, on the other hand, stable or even slightly decreasing mortality rates. Still, aspects listed below are waiting for innovate solutions in the context of predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical care (PPPM / 3PM). PCa belongs to the cancer types with the highest incidence worldwide. Corresponding economic burden is enormous. Moreover, the costs of treating PCa are currently increasing more quickly than those of any other cancer. Implementing individualised patient profiles and adapted treatment algorithms would make currently too heterogeneous landscape of PCa treatment costs more transparent providing clear “road map” for the cost saving. PCa is a systemic multi-factorial disease. Consequently, predictive diagnostics by liquid biopsy analysis is instrumental for the disease prediction, targeted prevention and curative treatments at early stages. The incidence of metastasising PCa is rapidly increasing particularly in younger populations. Exemplified by trends observed in the USA, prognosis is that the annual burden will increase by over 40% in 2025. To this end, one of the evident deficits is the reactive character of medical services currently provided to populations. Innovative screening programmes might be useful to identify persons in suboptimal health conditions before the clinical onset of metastasising PCa. Strong predisposition to systemic hypoxic conditions and ischemic lesions (e.g. characteristic for individuals with Flammer syndrome phenotype) and low-grade inflammation might be indicative for specific phenotyping and genotyping in metastasising PCa screening and disease management. Predictive liquid biopsy tests for CTC enumeration and their molecular characterisation are considered to be useful for secondary prevention of metastatic disease in PCa patients. Particular rapidly increasing PCa incidence rates are characteristic for adolescents and young adults aged 15–40 years. Patients with early onset prostate cancer pose unique challenges; multi-factorial risks for these trends are proposed. Consequently, multi-level diagnostics including phenotyping and multi-omics are considered to be the most appropriate tool for the risk assessment, prediction and prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that early onset prostate cancer is a distinct phenotype from both aetiological and clinical perspectives deserving particular attention from view point of 3P medical approaches.

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Is sport enough? Contribution of sport to overall moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity among adolescents

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior for physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents

Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior for physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents

Association between Club Sports Participation and Physical Fitness across 6- to 14-Year-Old Austrian Youth

Prostate cancer management: long-term beliefs, epidemic developments in the early twenty-first century and 3PM dimensional solutions

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