Is the 0.2%-Strain-Offset Approach Appropriate for Calculating the Yield Stress of Cortical Bone?

Zhang, Guanjun; Luo, Jizhuang; Zheng, Gang; Bai, Zhonghao; Cao, Libo; Mao, Haojie

doi:10.1007/s10439-020-02719-2

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Following the recommendation of Zhang et al [45], we determined different yield strength values. This procedure was conducted in addition to the standard method, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we evaluated an offset of 0.007% for the cortical, 0.05% for the trabecular, and 0.5% for the soft tissue specimens. The specimen-specific finite element optimization according to the approach by Zhang et al [45] is still pending. The resulting deviations from the ultimate level are shown in the Supporting Information S4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…trabecular bone and marrow, in this way, only a combined assignment of material properties can be performed directly. Following the recommendation of Zhang et al [45], we determined different yield strength values. This procedure was conducted in addition to the standard method, i.e.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approach to standardized material characterization of the human lumbopelvic system – Testing and evaluation

Gebhardt,

Kurz,

Grundmann

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The osseo-ligamentous lumbopelvic complex is a crucial component of the human musculoskeletal system and has been increasingly the focus of medical research and treatment planning. Numerical simulations can play a key role in better understanding the load-carrying behavior of this system, but material data in this arena remain rare. In addition, the literature lacks standardized and reproducible methods for determining biomechanical material parameters.To address these shortcomings, we obtained bone and soft tissue samples from three female and two male cadavers (average age: 77.3 years) for testing and evaluation. The elastic modulus of cortical bone averaged at 1750 MPa with a mean ultimate strength of 28.2 MPa. Whereas for trabecular bone the evaluation yields to 32.7 MPa and 1.26 MPa. Furthermore, the soft tissue specimens exhibited a mean elastic modulus of 148 MPa and an ultimate strength of 14.3 MPa for fascial tissue, in contrast to ligamentous tissue with 103 MPa and 10.7 MPa.Knowledge of these material parameters of the human pelvis, which differ from those of long bones, could, in combination with the revealed dependence on harvesting location and density, lead to more precise mechanical simulations. Such simulations might in turn promote the development of better suited implants.Together with a previous publication dealing with sample preparation, this work is intended to contribute to the standardization of mechanical testing of human tissue. Easy-to-conduct bending tests as well as direct tension and compression tests are recommended, and the proposed mechanical boundary conditions are explained and documented. These technical recommendations allow for better comparability and reproducibility in future biomechanical studies. This protocol, developed for the human pelvis, could easily be transferred to other anatomical regions.

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“…Following the recommendation of Zhang et al [45], we determined different yield strength values. This procedure was conducted in addition to the standard method, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Approach to standardized material characterization of the human lumbopelvic system – Testing and evaluation

Gebhardt,

Kurz,

Grundmann

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Without validation, the 0.2% offset yield stress is widely used for many materials. However, in some cases, the yield stress derived from the strain offset of 0.2% is considerably higher than the experimentally measured value, especially for brittle materials [ 36 , 37 ]. Therefore, in this study, a strain offset of 0.1% was arbitrarily used to locate the yield point of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosives, and the yield point was defined as the intersection with a line parallel to the maximum slope but offset by 0.1%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separate Calibration of Johnson–Cook Model for Static and Dynamic Compression of a DNAN-Based Melt-Cast Explosive

et al. 2022

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When describing the relation between the flow stress and plastic strain of a material under a wide range of strain rates and temperatures, the original Johnson–Cook model generally requires a complicated modification, resulting in a loss of simplicity and clear physical interpretation. In this paper, without modification, the original Johnson–Cook model was calibrated separately for the static and dynamic compression of a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive. The stress–strain curves for static and dynamic compression of this explosive were experimentally measured with a universal testing machine and a split-Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Based on the stress–strain curves, the flow stress vs. plastic strain data were extracted and used to calibrate the Johnson–Cook model. The calibration process is described. The parameters for the strain term, strain rate term, and temperature term were fitted sequentially. One set of model parameters was not able to fully describe the relationship between flow stress and plastic strain for both the static and dynamic compression of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosive. Two sets of model parameters were separately calibrated and compared for the static and dynamic compression of this explosive. The effects of the adiabatic temperature rise and the definition of the yield point on this calibration were also investigated.

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“…The small ligament fossa is in the middle of the large fossa, and the inside of the fossa has a river-like slip line. The standard to the edge of the fracture has a cut edge, elongated shallow fossa, cleavage planes [31], and torn edges. At room temperature, the fracture begins from the microporous aggregation type of the central part to the final cleavage fracture.…”

Section: Tc4 Titanium Alloy Fracture Morphology Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy at the Temperature of 77K

Zhao

Fang

2023

Metals

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Titanium alloy has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, a small expansion coefficient and being non-magnetic, making it an ideal low-temperature structural material. In this paper, the typical TC4 titanium alloy in industrial titanium alloy is selected as the research object. The microstructure deformation law and mechanical behavior of TC4 titanium alloy at liquid nitrogen temperature are mainly investigated, and compared with the microstructure and properties at room temperature. The macroscopic and microscopic deformation mechanism of the simultaneous increase in elongation and hardening index of titanium alloy at low temperature is revealed, which provides a basic basis for the low-temperature deformation mechanism and strengthening and toughening design of titanium alloy. Based on the uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature (298 K) and low temperature (77 K), the effects of low temperature on the yield strength, elongation, tensile strength and work hardening curve of titanium alloy were compared and analyzed. The strength/plasticity synergistic improvement of TC4 titanium alloy under low-temperature deformation was found. At low temperature, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of TC4 titanium alloy are improved compared with room temperature. The tensile strength increases from 847.93 MPa at 298 K to 1318.70 MPa at 77 K, and the elongation increases from 21.8% at 298 K to 24.9% at 77 K. The grain morphology, grain orientation, dislocation density and fracture morphology of titanium alloy under room temperature and low-temperature tensile conditions were studied by SEM and EBSD. The results of fracture morphology characterization at room temperature and low temperature show that TC4 titanium alloy exhibits ductile fracture characteristics and a large number of dimples are formed on the fracture surface. The dimple depth at low temperature is shallower than that at room temperature and the overall surface is more flat. Compared with room temperature deformation, the deformation process of TC4 titanium alloy in a low-temperature environment produces stronger dislocation pile-up and forms a large number of twins, but the grain rotation is more significant, which effectively alleviates the stress concentration and delays the initiation and propagation of cracks at grain boundaries.

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Is the 0.2%-Strain-Offset Approach Appropriate for Calculating the Yield Stress of Cortical Bone?

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Approach to standardized material characterization of the human lumbopelvic system – Testing and evaluation

Approach to standardized material characterization of the human lumbopelvic system – Testing and evaluation

Separate Calibration of Johnson–Cook Model for Static and Dynamic Compression of a DNAN-Based Melt-Cast Explosive

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy at the Temperature of 77K

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