Is the growth of marine copepods limited by food quantity or quality?

Anderson, Thomas R.; Hessen, Dag O.; Mayor, Daniel J.

doi:10.1002/lol2.10184

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Turnover rates of the LC pool, which provide an estimate of the rate at which the whole lipid pool turns over, are also presented because this is considered to represent 'other basal metabolism' (e.g. Anderson et al, 2021 and references therein). The turnover rates of wax esters (WE) and triacylglycerols (TAG), calculated from data extracted from published studies (Hakanson, 1984;Clark et al, 2012), refer to these individual lipid classes only, and are not synonymous with LC rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods

et al. 2022

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Lipid-storing copepods are fundamental to the functioning of marine ecosystems, transferring energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels and sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) in the deep ocean. Quantifying trophic transfer and biogeochemical cycling by copepods requires improved understanding of copepod metabolic rates in both surface waters and during lipid-fueled metabolism over winter. Here we present new biomass turnover rates of C and nitrogen (N) in Calanoides acutus, Calanoides natalis, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus alongside published data for Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus pacificus. Turnover rates in metabolically active animals, normalised to 10°C, ranged between 0.007 – 0.105 d-1 and 0.004 – 0.065 d-1 for C and N, respectively. Turnover rates of C were typically faster than those for N, supporting the understanding that non-protein C, e.g. lipid, is catabolised faster than protein. Re-analysis of published data indicates that inactive, overwintering C. finmarchicus turn over wax ester lipids at a rate of 0.0016 d-1. These and other basal rate data will facilitate the mechanistic representation of copepod physiology in global biogeochemical models, thereby reducing uncertainties in our predictions of future ocean ecosystem functioning and C sequestration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods

et al. 2022

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“…Metabolism, growth and egg production are calculated using the latest developments in metabolic stoichiometry, here including lipid storage as an additional source of C and energy. We provide a brief summary of this approach (Figure 3); the reader is referred to Supplementary Appendix 2 and Anderson et al (2020), Anderson et al (2021) for a complete description, including a comprehensive list of equations. Ingested substrates are subject to absorption efficiencies b V = 0.62 and b H = 0.53 for protein and non-protein (carbohydrate and lipid), respectively (Anderson et al, 2021), with the remainder lost as faecal material.…”

Section: Model Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We provide a brief summary of this approach (Figure 3); the reader is referred to Supplementary Appendix 2 and Anderson et al (2020), Anderson et al (2021) for a complete description, including a comprehensive list of equations. Ingested substrates are subject to absorption efficiencies b V = 0.62 and b H = 0.53 for protein and non-protein (carbohydrate and lipid), respectively (Anderson et al, 2021), with the remainder lost as faecal material. Absorbed substrates are prioritised for metabolism which is quantified using explicit terms for biomass turnover, other basal metabolism and specific dynamic action, SDA (Anderson et al, 2017;Anderson et al, 2020;Anderson et al, 2021).…”

Section: Model Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ingested substrates are subject to absorption efficiencies b V = 0.62 and b H = 0.53 for protein and non-protein (carbohydrate and lipid), respectively (Anderson et al, 2021), with the remainder lost as faecal material. Absorbed substrates are prioritised for metabolism which is quantified using explicit terms for biomass turnover, other basal metabolism and specific dynamic action, SDA (Anderson et al, 2017;Anderson et al, 2020;Anderson et al, 2021). Biomass turnover (parameter t T , d -1 ) is akin to protein turnover and represents tissue breakdown and replacement, requiring C and N in ratio q ZS .…”

Section: Model Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under severe starvation, protein may be catabolised as an additional source of energy (Lemcke and Lampert, 1975). Our model therefore includes both C and N as currencies, with metabolism formulated using the latest state-ofthe-art stoichiometric equations (Anderson et al, 2020;Anderson et al, 2021). We use it to quantitatively investigate the different roles of lipid reserves by generating metabolic budgets for C and N throughout the life cycle of an individual high-latitude copepod, C. finmarchicus, from which C sequestration via the seasonal lipid pump is estimated.…”

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Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration

et al. 2022

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Copepods are a critical component of ocean ecosystems, providing an important link between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels as well as regulating biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nutrients. Lipid-rich animals overwinter in deep waters where their respiration may sequester a similar quantity of C as that due to sinking detritus. This ‘seasonal lipid pump’ nevertheless remains absent from global biogeochemical models that are used to project future ocean-climate interactions. Here, we make an important step to resolving this omission by investigating the biogeochemical cycling of C and nitrogen (N) by high-latitude copepods using a new individual-based stoichiometric model that includes explicit representation of lipid reserves. Simulations are presented for Calanus finmarchicus throughout its life cycle at Station Mike (66°N, 2°E) in the Norwegian Sea, although the model is applicable to any suitable location and species with a similar life history. Results indicate that growth, development and egg production in surface waters are driven primarily by food intake (quantity) which provides a good stoichiometric match to metabolic requirements. In contrast, the main function of stored lipid is to support overwintering respiration and gonad development with these two processes respectively accounting for 19 and 55% of the lipid accumulated during the previous spring/summer. The animals also catabolise 41% of body protein in order to provide N for the maintenance of structural biomass. In total, each individual copepod sequesters 9.6 μmol C in deep water. If the areal density of animals is 15,000–40,000 m-2, these losses correspond to a sequestration of 1.7–4.6 g C m-2 yr-1. Lipids contribute only 1% of the C used in egg production in the following year. Accumulating extra lipid in spring would potentially increase egg production but our analysis suggests that any such benefit is outweighed by a higher risk of predator mortality. Our work indicates that the seasonal lipid pump may be of similar magnitude to C sequestration via sinking particles in the North Atlantic and highlights the need for improved physiological understanding of lipid use by high-latitude copepods in order to better constrain C fluxes in ocean food-webs and biogeochemical models.

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Acute and chronic effects of polymetallic nodule leachate in the marine copepod Tigriopus koreanus

Park,

Kang,

et al. 2024

Science of The Total Environment

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Is the growth of marine copepods limited by food quantity or quality?

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods

Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods

Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration

Acute and chronic effects of polymetallic nodule leachate in the marine copepod Tigriopus koreanus

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